您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 酒店餐饮 > 丧亲青少年哀伤的质性研究及箱庭干预
丧亲青少年哀伤的质性研究及箱庭干预答辩日期:2008.06.06著者:徐洁导师:张日昇【关闭窗口】英文标题:研究方向:学校心理咨询关键词:青少年;丧亲;哀伤;丧亲之影响;哀伤过程;质性研究;哀伤咨询;整合式箱庭疗法中文摘要青少年是人生的关键时期,本身有其重要的发展任务需要完成。如果在这一时期遭遇丧亲(DeathofParent)的重大丧失(Loss),将对青少年产生巨大的影响。了解丧亲对青少年产生的影响、青少年丧亲后的哀伤(Bereavement)过程以及哀伤过程的影响因素将为青少年哀伤咨询(GriefCounseling)的临床实践提供理论依据。本研究采用质性研究方法,首先以8名丧亲者为预访谈被试,然后选取18名在9-18岁期间一方父母去世的丧亲者为正式被试对他们进行深度访谈,采用扎根理论的逐级编码、主题分析方法以丧亲主体的视角建构了丧亲对青少年之影响的结构、青少年哀伤过程主题、哀伤过程影响因素的结构,获得了为青少年进行哀伤咨询的重要理念。以此为基础,结合已有的理论和研究者的思考,以10名丧亲个体为预试验被试,验证了将箱庭疗法与哀伤咨询结合的可行性,然后发展出整合式箱庭疗法的干预方案,用于对一名具有复杂哀伤的12岁丧亲青少年的干预。最后本研究获得以下研究结论:1.丧亲对青少年的影响面非常广泛,不仅直接影响青少年的个体功能(学校适应、生活方式、情绪、人格、人际关系、价值观),还通过影响青少年的家庭功能(家庭环境、家庭结构、家庭沟通)间接影响其个体功能。2.丧亲对青少年之影响可能是长期的,与青少年自身的发展任务交互作用。3.丧亲对青少年之影响既有负面影响,又为其带来成长的动力。在程度、过程、影响因素方面具有个体差异性。4.丧亲青少年的哀伤过程有四个共同主题,面对生活的巨变(强烈的反应、否认与逃避、生活秩序的骤变、卷入家庭系统的重组);体验丧亲的痛苦与失落(承受告别的痛苦、未完成事件的遗憾、强烈的思念与呼唤、承受死亡的真实);在哀伤中继续生活(独自哀伤的需要、对哀伤的反思、寻找应对的方式、哀伤的反复);重新诠释死亡(将死亡合理化、与逝者建立联结、建立死亡的意义、哀伤的超越与转化)。5.青少年哀伤过程的影响因素包括个人背景(人口学变量、丧亲年龄)、事件性质(死亡类型、死亡父母特点、丧葬文化、丧亲时间、次级丧失)、环境背景(继存父母特点、社会支持)。6.整合式箱庭疗法能提高丧亲青少年的个体功能(学校适应、自我概念、问题行为)、家庭功能(亲子关系),促进青少年个体和家庭哀伤任务的完成,个案的复杂哀伤转化为正向的成长力量。7.个案的个体箱庭经历了在混乱重复中寻找秩序、重建自我、转化与整合、自我治愈力展现四个阶段。通过近3个月19次连续的个体箱庭,个案的自我力量逐步增强,由创伤走向治愈。8.随着自我力量的增强,个案经历了“在治疗者促进下分享—象征性表达—主动地象征性表达—直接而主动表达”哀伤的改变过程,最终获得了哀伤任务完成。9.整合式箱庭疗法进行哀伤咨询的治疗机制:沙、箱、玩具能够激发哀伤反应;提供安全表达哀伤经验的空间;呈现心理问题;激发自我治愈力的发挥;通过仪式完成对逝去亲人的未完成事件;建立与逝去亲人之间的联结;通过象征促进思考生死问题,建立死亡的意义;联结过去、现在、未来,实现自性;处理家庭哀伤。外文摘要Adolescence,thecriticalperiodoflife,haditsownimportantdevelopmentaltasks.Ifduringthisperiodadolescentexperiencedthedeathofaparent,suchsignificantlosswouldbringagreatimpactonthem.Understandingdeeplythebereavement’simpactsonadolescent,adolescent’sbereavementprocessfollowingthedeathofaparentandthefactorsofbereavementprocesscouldprovidethetheoreticalbasisforgriefcounselingforthebereavedadolescent.Withqualitativeresearchmethods,atfirst,weinterviewedeightbereavedpersonsforthepre-trialandtheninterviewedin-depthwith18personswholosetheironeparentwhentheywereduring9-18year-oldforformalstudy.Byusinggroundedtheoryanalysismethods,line-by-linecodinganalysisandthemeanalysis,thestructureofthebereavement’sinfluenceonadolescent,thethemeofbereavementprocessandthestructureoffactorsofbereavementprocesswereexplored.Atthesametimesomeimportantconceptaboutgriefcounselingforbereavedadolescentwereconcluded.Onthisbasis,combiningthepasttheorywithresearcherownthinkingaboutgriefcounseling,10bereavedpersonstookpartinthepre-trial,whichverifiedthefeasibilityofsandplaytherapybeingappliedintogriefcounselingforbereavedadolescent.Then,acasestudywasdoneinwhicha12year-oldgirlwithcomplexgriefacceptedtheintegratedsandplaytherapyinterventionprogram.Finallythisstudygotthefollowingfindings:1.Bereavementimpactedonadolescentveryextensively,notonlydirectlyaffectedtheirindividualfunctioning(schooladaption,wayoflife,emotions,personality,interpersonalrelationship,values),butalsobyitsimpactonfamilyfunctioning(familyenvironment,familystructure,familycommunication)impactedindirectlyontheirindividualfunctioning.2.Bereavement’simpactonadolescentcouldbelong-termandhadinteractedwiththeirowndevelopmenttasks.3.Bereavementimpactedonadolescencenotonlywithnegativeeffectsbutalsomadethemgetgrowthstrength.Theextent,processandfactorsofbereavement’simpactonadolescenthadindividualdifferences.4.Bereavedadolescent’sbereavementprocesshadfourcommonthemes:facinglife/sbigchanges(strongreactions;denyingandavoiding;lifeorder’ssuddenchanges;involvementinthereorganizationofthefamilysystem);experienceofsufferingandloss(bearingthepainoffarewell;regrettingforunfinishedbusiness;strongyearningandmissing;bearingthedeath’struth);continuingtoliveingrief(theneedstobereavelonely;reflectionwithgrief;lookingforthecopingstrategies;therepeatedbereavement);Re-interpretationofdeath(rationalizationofdeath;toestablishlinkswiththedeceased;establishingthemeaningofdeath;bereavement’stransformationandtranscendence).5.Thefactorsofadolescence’sbereavementprocessincludedthatpersonalbackgroundfactors(demographicvariables,bereavementage);thefeatureoftheincident(deathtypes;characteristicsofdiedparent;funeralculture;bereavementtime;secondaryloss);environmentalbackground(characteristicsoflivingparent;socialsupport).6.Integratedsandplaytherapycouldpromotebereavedadolescent’sindividualfunctioning(schooladaption,self-concept,problembehaviors)andfamilyfunctioning(parent-childrelationship)tomorepositivedevelopment.Italsocouldpromotetheindividualandfamilybereavementtasktobefinished.Afterintervention,thecase’scomplexgriefwastranscendedintopositivegrowthstrength.7.Thecase’sindividualsandtraysexperiencedfourstages:searchingfororderinchaosandrepeat;reconstructingego;transformationandintegration;showingofselfhealing.Foraboutthreemonthsthrough19consecutiveindividualsandtrays,thecase’segopowergraduallystrengthenedfromtraumatohealing.8.Withtheegopowerbeingstrengthened,thecase’sbereavementexperiencedthechangingprocessgradually:expressingundercounselor’spromoting—symbolicexpression-initiativetosymbolicexpression-directandactiveexpressionofgriefexperience,eventuallyherbereavementtas
本文标题:丧亲青少年哀伤的质性研究及箱庭干预
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5300871 .html