Philip-Freneau-菲利普·福瑞诺

PhilipMorinFreneau(1752-1832)lifeBirthdate:January2,1752Birthplace:NewYorkStock:ScottishstockReligion:FrenchHuguenot(雨格诺教派)Education:thecollegeofNewJersey(nowisPrincetonuniversity)Profession:poet,politicaljournalistexperience1768,atthecollege,hemadefriendswithJamesMadison(the4thAmericanpresident)andHughHenryBrackenridge(theAmericannovelist).1776，heleftAmericaforthewestIndies(西印度群岛).1778，hereturnedtoAmericaandrejoinedthepatrioticcause.1780,whenhewasacrewmemberontherevolutionaryprivateer,hewastakenprisonerfor6weeks.1790,hemarriedEleanorForman,andhesupportJeffersonwhohirehimtoeditthepartisannewspaper(党派报纸).”TheNationalGazette”.1793,heresignedandhispaperfailed.1832,hediedpoorlyandnearlyforgotten.worksTheRisingGloryofAmerica1772《美洲光辉的兴起》TheHouseofNight1776《夜之屋》TheBritishPrisonShip1781《英国囚船》TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans1781《纪念美国勇士》TheWildHoneySuckle1786《野忍冬花》TheIndianBuryingGround1788《印第安人墓地》TheDyingIndian:TomoChequi《奄奄一息的印第安人：托姆•柴吉》TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericansUnderGeneralGreene,inSouthCarolina,whofellintheactionofSeptember8,1781ATEutawSpringsthevaliantdied;Theirlimbswithdustarecoveredo'er—Weepon,yesprings,yourtearfultide;Howmanyheroesarenomore!Ifinthiswreckorruin,theyCanyetbethoughttoclaimatear,Osmiteyourgentlebreast,andsayThefriendsoffreedomslumberhere!Thou,whoshalttracethisbloodyplain,Ifgoodnessrulesthygenerousbreast,Sighforthewastedruralreign;Signfortheshepherds,sunktorest!Stranger,theirhumblegravesadorn;Youtoomayfall,andaskatear;'TisnotthebeautyofthemornThatprovestheeveningshallbeclear.—Theysawtheirinjuredcountry'swoe;Theflamingtown,thewastedfield;Thenrushedtomeettheinsultingfoe;Theytookthespear--butlefttheshield.Ledbythyconqueringgenius,Greene,TheBritonstheycompelledtofly;Nonedistantviewedthefatalplain,Nonegrieved,insuchacausetodie—But,liketheParthian,famedofold,Who,flying,stilltheirarrowsthrew,TheseroutedBritons,fullasbold,Retreated,andretreatingslew.Nowrestinpeace,ourpatriotband,Thoughfarfromnature'slimitsthrown,Wetrusttheyfindahappierland,Abrightersunshineoftheirown.纪念美国勇士鹰挣脱枷锁，他的生命和崇高的荣誉注定为神之眷顾。他尊享联邦的拥戴和历史的崇拜，他以力量维护和平，他展翅飞过二百年时光。从北非海岸到东沙，神护佑着军团年复一年，剑闪神光，枪燃圣芒，赤手空拳亦有上帝的力量。神圣、强大，天生杀手，魔鬼训练。永远忠诚，绝不放弃，战争伊始，狼兵出击我是海军陆战队，我是杀人机器绿光闪烁之间让你血流如溅不要怀疑，这是我的地盘当你奔袭而来我得意地微笑因为胜利是属于我的，我是一流的杀手，带来死亡大地在我脚下，你将成为另一条奔流的血河历炼之火早已燃起，与我比肩，你将永不孤独第一个冲锋，最后一个离去，硬汉团一去无归我知道。吞噬着恐惧，当敌人以魔鬼的面孔进入视线：用手瞄准，用意志扣动扳机，用冷酷的心杀戮。我是勇士在歌唱乐战好斗，令敌国焦土一片跋涉血海，誓要斩尽杀绝。子弹飞啸，电光石火假如死亡不能让你恐惧，那么这死神一定不是海军陆战队带来的。走近噩梦，走近我，掉入魔鬼所在的黑暗。咽喉横亘，利刃如鲨地狱火起，天使哭泣我的影子将是你的死神，当你被我遇到，呼唤所有的神明吧。希望瞬乎寂灭，死亡的阴影是我的身影我是勇士在歌唱我是勇士，勇士在歌唱Evaluation“PoetoftheAmericanrevolution”“FatheroftheAmericanpoetry”tworeasons:Theprincipalpoetoftheperiod,Freneau’smajorsignificanceliesinhistransitionalrolebetweenneoclassicismandromanticism.Asabrilliantsatirist,herevealedhisneoclassicalbentbytraininginthosepoemsthatdefendedtheRevolutionandJefferson’spolicy,orsatirizedtheBritishandtheFederalist;Generallyspeaking,Freneauwasathisbestinhispre-romanticverses,manycriticsagreethathewasromanticinessentialspirit,thoughhewasneoclassicalbytrainingortaste.Freneau’spoetryisalsocharacterizedbyaprofoundpatriotismandloveforAmericanruralscene,differentfrommostofthemajormenoflettersoftheperiodwhoalwayssettheireyesontheurbandevelopment.LiteraryhistoriansandcriticsgenerallyholdthatAmericannationalpoetrybeganwithFreneau’sverse,thushehasbeenentitledthe“FatherofAmericanPoetry”.