What--和that-在名词性从句中的用法区别

What和that在名词性从句中的用法区别What和that都可以引导名词性从句。一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个不（threenos）：1．不省略（noellipsis）当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不省略。Eg.1)Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.(That引导主语从句不可省略)2)ThetruthisthatIdidn’tgothere.(that引导表语从句不可省略)3)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonistrue.(that引导同位语从句不可省略)但在非正式文体中that引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外：that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that，从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.Eg:4)HemadeitquiteclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.（that不可以省略）他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。Eg:5)Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.（第一个That可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。2．不作成分（nocomponent）that在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。Eg.6)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.（that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分）7))Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略）3．没词义（nomeaning）that在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。Eg.8)Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntous.(that在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。9）Thethoughtthathemightfailintheexamworriedhim.(that在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义）他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。二．在引导名词性从句时，What一般要注意一个不（oneno）,一个有（meaning）,一个作（component）：1．不省略what引导名词性从句时，what在句中不省略。这一用法与that用法不尽相同。eg.10)WhatIhadforbreakfasttodaywasricewithegg.(what在句中引导主语从句，what不省略)11)----Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.----Yes,itcouldbe.----Iwonderwhatwecandoabout.(what在句中引导宾语从句，但在句中不省略）2．有词义what引导名词性从句时，有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that用法不一样eg.1)Thisiswhatshewantedtoshowus.(what在句中引导表语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的东西、事情）这是她想让我们看的东西。12）Whattheteachersaidhadagoodeffectonthechildren.(what在句中引导主语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“----的东西、事情）老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。3．作成分what在引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that用法不一样。Eg.13)Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesaid.(it是形式主语，what在句中引导主语从句。What在主语从句中作said的宾语。)14）Itwastrue______Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.thatwhatB.whatthatC.thatthatD.allwhat评析：这一题正确答案是A。it在句中是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句thatAlicedidsurprisedhermother.，在这个主语从句当中，what又引导了主语从句whatAlicedid，what在从句中作did的宾语。三．要特别提醒同学们的两点：1.What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语，而that从句一般不可以。Eg：15）Aftermonthsofvoyage,Columbusarrivedin_____laterprovedtobeanewcontinent.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that评析：答案是C。因为在介词in后面，应该用what引导的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。16)Onsteppingintohisroom,hewasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith_____lookedliketinyinsects.A.thatB.somethingC.whatD.anything评析：答案是C。因为在介词with后面，应该用what引导的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。2.that可以引导定语从句，而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱，它在定语从句中要充当成分，通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时that也可以引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中that不充当成分。但What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于what=allthat,what在名词性从句中充当成分，常常作主语、宾语和表语。Eg:17).All_____Iwanttoknowiswhathemeant.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whatever评析：答案是A.本题是that引导的定语从句。而what不可以引导定语从句。What=allthat.又因为先行词是all，故其后不可以接which引导的定语从句。而.Whatever=anythingthat/nomatterwhat从意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选A,that.18)______impressedmemostwas______suchalittleboycouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what评析：答案是B.第一空是what引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是that引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不省略，不作成分，也没词义。要真正掌握What和that在名词性从句中的用法，还得多多操练,熟能生巧（Practicemakesperferct）。练习：一．改错题：1.Whatwealllikehimiscertain.2.Heleftiscertain.３．IwishedthatwecouldgotoBeijingthissummerandwecouldbuysomebooksonourwayback4.Hisdelayisduetothefactthecarwentwronghalfway.5.Theideawhichtheworldmaybedestroyedbynuclearweaponscametohim.6.Thenewsourteamhaswonistrue.7.Hesaidthathehadmadeabigmistakeandhefeltverysorryforit.8.Thereasonhedidnotcomeishewasill.9.Hisdelayisduetothefactthecarwentwronghalfway.10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlythathewants.Keys:1.(what→That)2.(he前加that)3.（在and后加that）4.（在thecar前加that）5.(which→that)6.(在news后加that)7.(第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不可以省略。所以要在and后加that)8.（在is后加that)）9.（在fact后加that）10.(将that改what)二）高考题：11．[92]Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturnedgrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for12．[93]_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter13．[96]_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.A.What/whatB.What/thatC.That/thatD.That/what14．[98]_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where15．[01]Acomputercanonlydo_____you’veinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whenKeys:11-15BAAAC三）选择题：16．Airtousis______watertofish.A.whatB.thatC./D.like17．Chinaisnot_____itusedtobe.A.thatB.whatC.whichD./18.After______seemedtobetenyearslater,hereturnedtohishometown.A.whatB.thatC./D.which19.Therearesigns______restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose20.Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how21.______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturedifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which22.----Whatmadeherparentssoangry?----______shehadfailedintheexam.A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That23.Informationhasbeenputforward______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as24.----Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?----Oh,that’s______.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited25.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______.A.that,tobeimpro