u16-World-War-II

TheSecondWorldWar1939.9.1~1945.9.2ReasonsProcessResultandinfluenceBriefIntroductionWorldWarII,ortheSecondWorldWar(oftenabbreviatedWWIIorWW2),wasaglobalmilitaryconflictwhichinvolvedamajorityoftheworld'snations,includingallofthegreatpowers,organizedintotwoopposingmilitaryalliances:theAlliesandtheAxis.Thewarinvolvedthemobilisationofover100millionmilitarypersonnel,makingitthemostwidespreadwarinhistory.Overseventymillionpeople,themajorityofwhomwerecivilians,werekilled,makingitthedeadliestconflictinhumanhistory.GermanyItalyJapanAdolfHitlerBenitoMussoliniHirohitoAmericaBritainChinaSovietUnionFranklinRooseveltWinstonChurchillJiangjieshiStalinReasonsDirectreasonsGermanywouldnottaketheirdefeatacceptingtheharshpunishmentandlimitlessoftheTreatyofVersailles.ItalyfallsintoeconomicdeclineJapanlacksofstrategicgoods(petrol)whichholdbacktheireconomicdevelopmentTheGreatDepressionUnbalanceddevelopmentbetweenthepoliticsandeconomyprocessInSeptember1939,GermanylaunchedalighteningattackonPoland.BritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermanytwodayslater.GermanyproceedtoinvadeDenmark,Norway,theNetherlands（荷兰）,Belgium（比利时）andLuxemburg(卢森堡).TheinvasionofPolandIhavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Youask,whatisourpolicy?Isayitistowagewarbyland,seaandair.Youask,whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword,itisvictory,victoryatallcosts-victoryinspiteofallterrors-victory，howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybeInMay1940,WinstonChurchillbecamePrimeMinisterofBritain.OnJune1940,GermanyattackedFrance.ItalydeclaredwarinsupportofGermany.AttheendofMay,the“miracleofDunkrik”(敦刻尔克大撤退)happened.Francefellintoenemy'shands.OnJune1940,AirbattleofBritain(大不列颠空战)occurred.InJune1941,NazimadeasuddenattackupontheSovietUnion.To~BattleofDunkirk338000AlliedtroopswereevacuatedtoBritishfromDunkrik,butalloftheheavyequipmentoftheBritishforceswerelost.ThisisthefirsttimeforBritishtousewarshiptotranslatepeople.Wow~AirbattleofBritainInPacificArenaJapandeclaredwaronChinain1931.OnJuly7th,1937,Japanbegananall-outattackonChina.FinallyonDecember7th,1941,JapanattackedtheUnitedStates’navalbaseatPearlHarbour.ThenextdaypresidentRooseveltgaveashortaddress.AmericadeclaredwaronJapan.PearlHarbourAsAmericaappreciatedisolationism(孤立主义)atthattime,mostofAmericansopposetoattendthewar.TheeventofPearlHarhourbrokethebalance.Video~JapanattackedPearlHarborRooseveltThoughAmericadidn’tattendwaratfirst,RoosevelttriedhisbesttogivesupportstoAllies.TurningpointIntheEuropeanarena:In1943,BattleofStalingrad/ˈstɑ:linɡræd/(斯大林格勒保卫战)markedtheturningpointoftheSecondWorldWar.IntheAfricanarena:UndertheleaderofMontgomery/mənt‘gʌməri/(蒙哥马利),thesituationofBritishtroopsbecamebetter.IntheAsianarena:JapaneseUnitedFleetwasdestroyedbyUSintheMidwayIslandBattle(中途岛战役).ThebattleofStalingrad(斯大林格勒战役）MontgomeryRommel/rɔməl/(隆美尔)Counteroffensive(反攻)1944，thesecondEuropeanfrontwasopened.ThealliedarmiesofBritainandtheUSlandedonthebeachesofNormandy.OnMay8th,Germanysurrendered.LandingOperationonNormandy（诺曼底登陆）videoCounteroffensive(反攻)Japaneserefusedtosurrender.OnAugust6thand9th,1945,theUSdroppedtwoatombombsonthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasaki.OnAugust8th,declaredwaronJapanOnAugust14th,1945,Japansurrendered.TheSecondWorldWarcametotheend.AtomicbombingofHiroshimaAtomicbombingofNagasakiKissofVictoryresultWorldWarTwocostmorethanthirty-sixmillionlives.Millionswerelefthomeless.Firsttimenuclearweaponused.NaziGermanyhadattemptedracialexterminationoftheJews.SixmillionsofJewsdied.InApril1945,justattheendofthewar,aconferencewascalledatSanFranciscoinamericatoorganizetheUnitedNations.Manycountriesbecamesocialistordemocraticandmanycolonieswontheirindependence.Germanywasdividedintofourzonesofoccupation.TheBombAttackofHiroshimaColoredphotoofHiroshimaafterbombingDuringthefinalstagesofWorldWarIIin1945,theUnitedStatesconductedtwoatomicbombingsagainstthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakiinJapan,thefirstonAugust6,1945andthesecondonAugust9,1945.Thesetwoeventsaretheonlyuseofnuclearweaponsinwaruptodate.ThecauseofAtomicbombingsJuly28,theJapanesegovernmentrefusedtoacceptthePotsdamProclamation,forfearoffierceresistanceandmassivecasualties.U.S.PresidentTruman——thenewAmericanpresidentfollowingRoosevelt‘sdeathinApril,andtheU.S.governmentforcedJapantosurrenderassoonaspossibleinandlimittheSovietUnionaythesametime.①②③LittleboyPaulTibbetsAtomicbombmushroomcloudsoverHiroshima(left)andNagasaki(right)Atthetimethisphotowasmade,smokebillowed20,000feetaboveHiroshimawhilesmokefromtheburstofthefirstatomicbombhadspreadover10,000feetonthetargetatthebaseoftherisingcolumn.LeftpictureRightpictureAtomicbombingofNagasakionAugust9,1945.HiroshimaofJapan,followingthedroppingofthefirstatomicbombTheharmofthebombingPracticallyalllivingthings,humanandanimal,wereliterallysearedtodeath.Itmaycausecancer,burns,radiation,relateddiseaseandotherlong-termeffects.Post-attackcasualtiesAugust6,1945:DidtheJapanesedeservethisday?Today’sHiroshimaIrealizethetragicsignificanceoftheatomicbomb...Itisanawfulresponsibilitywhichhascometous...WethankGodthatithascometous,insteadoftoour