1972年国际海上避碰规则(中英)

1972年国际海上避碰规则-1-1972年国际海上避碰规则INTERNATIONALREGULATIONSFORPREVENTINGCOLLISIONSATSEA,1972（第1-19条）第一章总则PartA–General第一条Rule1适用范围Application1本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。(a)TheseRulesshallapplytoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels.2本规则条款不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则条款。(b)NothingintheseRulesshallinterfereintheoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbors,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebyseagoingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules.3．本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。(c)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallightsorshapesorwhistlesignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallightsforfishingvesselsfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallightsorwhistlesignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylight,shape,orsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules.4．为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。(d)TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules.5凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数1972年国际海上避碰规则-2-量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则条款要求的规定。(e)WhenevertheGovernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttonumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signallingappliances,suchvesselshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtonumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signallingappliances,asherGovernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblecompliancewiththeseRulesinrespecttothatvessel.第二条Rule2责任Responsibility1．本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽，或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。(a)NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,master,orcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttocomplywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesofthecase.2．在解释和遵行本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。(b)InconstruingandcomplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.第三条Rule3一般定义GeneralDefinitions除条文另有解释外，在本规则中：ForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:1“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上飞机。(a)Thewordvesselincludeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater.2“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。(b)Thetermpowerdrivenvesselmeansanyvesselpropelledbymachinery.3．“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。(c)Thetermsailingvesselmeansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnot1972年国际海上避碰规则-3-beingused.4、“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。(d)Thetermvesselengagedinfishingmeansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawls,orotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmaneuverability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmanageability.5“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。(e)Thetermseaplaneincludesanyaircraftdesignedtomaneuveronthewater.6“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。(f)ThetermvesselnotundercommandmeansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomaneuverasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.7“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则条款的要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。(g)ThetermvesselrestrictedinherabilitytomaneuvermeansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomaneuverasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：Thetermvesselrestrictedinherabilitytomaneuvershallincludebutnotbelimitedto:（1）从事敷设。维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；(i)Avesselengagedinlaying,servicing,orpickingupanavigationalmark,submarinecableorpipeline;（2）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；(ii)Avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwateroperations;（3）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；(iii)Avesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferringpersons,provisionsorcargowhileunderway;（4）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；(iv)Avesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofaircraft;（5）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；(v)Avesselengagedinmineclearanceoperations;（6）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其航向的能力严重受到限制者。(vi)Avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasseverelyrestrictsthetowingvesselandhertowintheirabilitytodeviatefromtheircourse.8“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度的关系，致使其驶离航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。(h)Thetermvesselconstrainedbyherdraftmeansapower-drivenvesselwhichbecauseofherdraftinrelationtotheavailab