动词ing形式的用法及练习题(归纳整理,含答案)

1.–ing分词的构成主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式:not+--ing/nothaving(been)done不是havingnot(been)done2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：Walkingalongthestreet,hecaughtsightofanoldfriendofhis.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.3.---ing分词的被动式当－ing分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据－ing分词动作发生的时间，－ing分词的被动式分为一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被动式(havingbeendone),如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,heworksevenharder.4.---ing分词的句法功能1)---ing分词作主语LearningEnglishhasbecomeapartofhislife.Itisnousetryingtorepairtheship.Theseholesaremuchtoobig.2)---ing分词作宾语以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语：admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/miss/postpone/putoff/practise/risk/stand/stop/suggest/giveup/cannothelp避免错过少延期avoidmissputoff/postpone建议完成多练习suggestfinishpractise喜欢想像禁不住enjoyimaginecan’thelp承认否定与嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃避冒险莫原谅escaperiskexcuse忍受保持不介意standkeepmindMakethemeasierforyoutoremember!英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider,beworth,feellikeetc.todosth.doingsth.forgetrememberregretmeangoonstoptry忘记去做某事忘记已经做过某事记住去做某事记住曾做过某事遗憾去做某事后悔做过某事打算/想做某事意味着做某事（做完某事）接着去做另一件事继续做同一件事努力去做某事试着做某事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事3）--ing分词作表语。如：Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoexciting.注：一般来讲，--ing分词作表语有两种情况，一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：Playingallkindsofmusicisourjob.二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。4）-ing分词作定语可以表示(1)所修饰名词的用途。如：awaitingroom(=aroomforwaiting)候车室awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)手杖asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)卧车（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如：excitingnews令人激动的消息amovingstory一个令人感动的故事注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，例如：themanstandingatthegate=themanwhoisstandingatthegate另外，-ing分词的完成式不能作定语。例如不可以说：Themanhavingwrittenmanybooksisaformerstudentofourschool.应改为Themanwhohaswrittenmanybooksis…(3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。如：asleepingchild(=achildwhoissleeping)正睡觉的孩子awalkingman(=amanwhoiswalking)正散步的男人5)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后可以用-ing形式做宾语补足语。这时-ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且-ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：Hesawaboyclimbingthetree.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?有人敲门你听见了吗?区别seesb.doingsth是指”看见某人正在做某事”，不是全过程，表正在进行seesb.dosth是指”看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的发生全过程，是看见某人做某事例句Isawhercleantheclassroom.是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）Isawhercleaningtheclassroom.我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）6)-ing分词作状语(1)-ing分词在句中可以作伴随状语，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：Theysatinfrontofthebuilding,laughingandchatting.Heworkedlateyesterday,preparingforthelecture.(2)-ing分词可以作时间状语，常放在句首，如：(When)Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailor'sshop.(3)-ing分词可以作原因状语，常放句首。如：Beingill,hecan'tgotoschool.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears,heknowsitverywell.(After)Finishingmywork,Iwentout.Havingtoldusafunnystory,theteacherwentontoexplainthetexttous(4)-ing分词可以作条件状语，常放句首。Turningtotheright,you’llfindthepostofficethere.(5)-ing分词可以作结果状语，常放句末。Heturnedoffthelight,seeingnothing.5.-ing分词的复合结构物主代词/人称代词/名词所属格或普通名词+ing分词(1)作主语（须用物主代词或名词所属格）His/Tom’snotbeingchosenmadeusdisappointed.(2)作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普通名词或代词宾格）Hewasawakenedbysomeone’sknockingatthedoor.Theyhaveneverforgivenusgoingthere.Wedon’tmindhimexplainingitagain.Myfriendcan’tunderstandyourtreatinghimlikethat.(3)作状语（须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称独立主格结构）Timepermitting,we’lldealwiththetext.Theboywasplayingwithaball,hismotherstandingnearby.1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.独立主格结构可在其前加上介词with/without。Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherfollowing.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_________ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that【分析】此题很容易误选B，汉子你一不小心就会认为它是定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词owner。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。seat用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在seated前加上助动词is，则可以选择B。所以选A。(1)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(2)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that第(1)应选B，因为句中的translated是过去分词若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用which做of的宾语.请记住定语从句有逗号,不用that!(3)Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。(1)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________beingforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(2)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________wereforeigners.A.WhichB.whomC.whoD.that(3)ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_________wereforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(4)There_________nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.WasB.beingC.tobeD.hadbeing（独立主格结构）（非限制性定语从句）（两个句子）（独立主格结构）1.___moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetterA.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.Thesecretaryworkedl