浅谈语法：非限制性定语从句

Unit5Grammar非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别:限制性定语从句:在意义上不可缺少,如果去掉,主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。从句和先行词之间不用逗号和主句分开。eg:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。非限制性定语从句：意义上可以去掉，去掉后主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。不用that引导。eg:Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameillanddied.他的狗很老了,生病后就死了。YesterdayImetLiLei,whoseemedtobeverybusy.昨天我碰上李雷了，他好象很忙。2.非限制性定语从句中的一些注意事项：1）非限制性定语从句中,指物时,用which而不用that。eg:Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.2）指人时主格用who,宾格用whom,物主格用whoseeg:MissHowe,whomyoumetinthelibrary,isournewteacher.TheArabs,whoarefamousfortheirhorsesandcamels,usetheseanimalsforworkandinsports.LiMing,whosemotherhasbeenillfortwodays,isabsentfromschooltoday.3）另外关系副词when(指时间),where(指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句(注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句)。eg:Helivesinthecity,wherethereisahightower.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949,whenhewasborn.4）介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。eg:WuDong,withwhomIwenttoseethefilm,enjoyeditverymuch.Herbag,inwhichsheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.ThestoryabouttheLongMarch,ofwhichthisisanexample,arewellwritten.3.as和which引导的非限定性定语从句由as和which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代指整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。eg:Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.as引导的限制性定语从句常用于thesame...as，such...as，as...as和so...as结构中。as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。eg:Ihaveneverseensuchalazymanasyou(are).我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。Letchildrenreadsuchbooksaswillmakethembetterandwiser.让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。Takeasmanyasyouwant.你想要多少就拿多少。Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。thesamethat指同一事物;thesameas指同类事物。eg:ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.thesamethat和thesameas的区别as和which的关系as和which可以互换的情况as和which都可以表示主句在意义上的连贯，作从句的主语或及物动词的宾语。eg:Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural．Iwasveryusefultohim,which/asherealized．as和which不能互换的情况1.as既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况,因此as可以放在句首，句末，也可以插入主句中。which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后(有时也可用as)。eg:Asourteacherpointsout,thatbookisofbenefittoeveryone.Heatisaformofenergy,asisknowntoall．Thismachine,asmightbeexpected,hasstoppedoperating．2.as含有“正如，按照，正像”之意,一般用在肯定句中。which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中。eg:Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected．3.当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，又做主谓宾补结构中的主语时，多用which。eg:Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim．Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichmadehismotherangry．1.StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose2.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichBA3.WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that4.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.theseBC5.TheywillflytoWashington,____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when6.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywiththekids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.whenAD7.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,____Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where8.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.thatAB9.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm____weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where10.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,___wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhomDD11.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer______sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where12.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases_____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.whereDD13.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_______sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where14.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhichDB