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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 高考复习8. 非谓语动词
·人教版·人教版课标考点:1.掌握动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法。2.掌握动名词的用法。3.掌握过去分词的用法。考点一:动词不定式动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形。1.作主语(常用it作形式主语、将真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。)Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师求教是必要的。·人教版2.作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有:want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。如:Ihope__________therebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词之后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如:Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。toget·人教版3.作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,like,encourage等。如:Theteachertoldus__________Exercise1.老师要我们做练习一。(2)在使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上to。如:Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态:Sheisoftenheardtosing.todo宾语宾语补足语—补充说明宾语·人教版4.作状语Laterhelefthometoworkindifferentcities.后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。5.作定语(须后置)Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。6.作表语Theirdutyis_____________theanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。tolookafter系动词后叫表语,系动词有be,感官动词等,参看“PPT动词”·人教版7.“疑问词+不定式”结构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,when,where,how等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如:Hedoesn'tknow_____________.他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.要去哪里还未决定。(作主语)[提醒]动词不定式的否定结构是:nottodosth。whattowear·人教版考点二:动名词1.作主语Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2.作宾语(常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有:enjoy,finish,miss,keep,mind,practise,suggest,bebusy,feellike,can'thelp等。)Haveyoufinished__________thebook?你读完这本书了吗?reading·人教版3.作表语Thenurse'sjobis____________thepatients.护士的工作是护理病人。4.作定语Ioftengotothe_______________.我经常去阅览室。lookingafterreadingroom·人教版***既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语,但表达的意义不同,常见的有:(1)stoptodosth停下来去做某事(不定式作目的状语)stopdoingsth停止做某事(v.ing作宾语)(2)trytodosth试图(企图)做某事trydoingsth尝试着做某事(3)forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(还没做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过了某事(已做)(4)remembertodosth记着要去做某事(还没做)rememberdoingsth记得做过了某事(已做)(5)goontodosth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth继续做原来所做的同一件事(6)needdoing(某事)需要做(被动意思)e.g.,Thehouseneedscleaning.=Thehouseneedstobecleaned.needtodo需要去做某事(主动意思)·人教版考点三:分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词v.ing,有主动、进行之意;过去分词v.ed,有被动、完成之意。1.作定语Chinaisa____________country.Americaisa____________country.中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2.作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。developingdeveloped·人教版3.作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍几张照片。4.作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。CheatedbyAlex,Andyisverysadthesedays.因为被Alex骗了,Andy这些天很伤心。havesth.done做某事用主动形式还是被动形式取决于主语与非谓语动词的关系:They主动笑,主动说;Andy被骗。Haveatry:1._____atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked2.______twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.TobiteB.BittenC.BitingD.BiteAB非谓语动词也能体现时态:______twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.TobebittenBeingbitten表示正在被咬Bitten表示被咬过Havingbitten的表达不对,应该是Havingbeenbitten。tobebitten表示将要被咬bitten与havingbeenbitten的区别在于havingbeenbitten强调已经完成,bitten只表示发生过e.g.,Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.Bcompare:1.TheOlympicGames________inBeijingwereagreatsuccess.(hold)2.TheOlympicGames__________inRioin2016willbeanotherthrillingevent.3.SubwayLine5__________(build)eightyearsagoisplayinganimportantroleinthecitytransport.4.Thenewundergroundline____________(build)atpresentwillbecompletedbytheendofnextyear.heldtobeheldbeingbuiltbuilt作定语时;done表已经被…;tobedone表即将被…;beingdone表正在被…
本文标题:高考复习8. 非谓语动词
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