Unit-3-Cultural-diversity

LOGOChapterThree:CulturalDiversity由NordriDesign提供•WesternCulturalValuesandChineseCulturalValues•ComparisonofCulturalPatternsWarmup1.WhydidJacksonsaythatMr.Zhaowasaskingtoomuch?2.WhatdoyouthinkoftherelationshipbetweenMr.QianandMr.Zhao?Aretheyreallygoodfriends?TomanyChinese,Mr.QianandMr.Zhaoarereallygoodfriends,fortheyhavehelpedeachotherfromtimetotime.SinceMr.ZhaolentMr.Qianalargesumofmoneytohelphisbusinessgetoverthedifficulty,Mr.QianwasgreatlyindebtedtoMr.Zhao.InChineseculture,friendshipmeansawillingnesstobeindebtedandtorepaythedebtmorethanowed.However,manyAmericans,likeJackson,wouldsaythatMr.Zhaowasaskingtoomuch,forwhattheyvaluemoreareindividualachievementandindependenceratherthanrelationshipwithoneanother,andtheydonotliketoputthemselvesinothers’debt,especiallyinthosematterswhereMr.ZhaoaskedMr.Qiantohelp.Ofcourse,Americanswillbewillingtohelptheirfriends.Butmostofthetime,thingsforwhichtheywilllendahelpinghandtotheirfriendsshouldbeverysmall,suchasdrivingafriendtoanimportanteventwhenhisorherownarrangementsfortransportationfails.Forthem,itmaybeuncomfortable,evenverystrange,toaskforsomuchassistancefromorprovideittoafriend.Page4Definitionofculturalvalue◆Valueisanenduringbeliefthataspecificmodeofconductorend-stateofexistenceispersonallyorsociallypreferabletoanother.◆Valuesarealearnedorganizationofrulesformakingchoicesandforresolvingconflicts.These“rules”andguidepostsarenormativeandteachuswhatisuseful,good,right,wrong,whattostrivefor,howtroliveourlife,andevenwhattodiefor.◆Avaluesystemrepresentswhatisexpectedorhopedfor,requiredorforbidden.Itisnotareportofactualconductbutisthsystemofcriteriabywhichconductisjudgedandsanctionsapplied.Page51.WhyisitcomparativelyeasytomakefriendsintheUnitedStates?BecausefewAmericansstayputforalifetime.Witheachmove,formingnewfriendshipbecomesanecessityandpartoftheirnewlife.2.Dopeoplefromdifferentcountriesusuallyhavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing?Yes.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetistheirdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.Page6ReadingI–Comprehensionquestions3.HowisfriendshipinAmericadifferentfromfriendshipinWestEurope?InWestEurope,friendshipisquitesharplydistinguishedfromother,morecasualrelationships,isusuallymoreparticularizedandcarriesaheavierburdenofcommitment,whileinAmericatheword―friendcanbeappliedtoawiderangeofrelationshipandafriendshipmaybesuperficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduring.4.Inwhatcountrydoesfriendshiphavemuchtodowithone’sfamily?Andinwhatcountrydoesitnot?InGermany,friendshiphasmuchtodowithone’sfamilyasfriendsareusuallybroughtintothefamily,whileinFranceitdoesn’tas,forinstance,twomenmayhavebeenfriendsforalongtimewithoutknowingeachother’spersonallife.Page7ReadingI–ComprehensionquestionsReadingI–Comprehensionquestions5.Whatisfriendshiplikewhenitiscompartmentalized?Forinstance,amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinions,orhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforaslongatimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson‘slife.6.WhatarefriendshipsusuallybasedoninEngland?Englishfriendshipsarebasedonsharedactivity.Activitiesatdifferentstagesoflifemaybeofverydifferentkinds.Inthemidstoftheactivity,whateveritmaybe,peoplefallintostepsandfindthattheyparticipateintheactivitywiththesameeasyanticipationofwhateachwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituation.Page8ReadingI–Comprehensionquestions7.Doyouthinkfriendshipsharessomecommonelementsindifferentcultures?Ifyoudo,whatarethey?Yes.Thereistherecognitionthatfriendship,incontrastwithkinship,invokesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Relatedtothisisthesenseeachfriendgivestheotherofbeingaspecialindividual,onwhatevergroundsthisrecognitionisbased.Andbetweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.8.WhatdoyouthinkisthetypicalChineseconceptoffriendship?IsitsimilartoordifferentfromanyoftheWesternfriendships?ItseemsthatthetypicalChineseconceptoffriendshiplaysgreatemphasisonpersonalloyaltyandalsohasmuchtodowithfamily.ItmaybesimilartoGermanyfriendshiptosomeextentandquitedifferentfromotherWesternfriendships.Page9ReadingIIPage102020/5/1311Readthefollowingsayingaloud,andthinkitover:Whatdoesitmeantoyou?Humanbeingsdrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonnature,buthabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.--Confuciansaying性相近，习相远--论语Warm-up:2020/5/1312JokeappreciationforculturaldiversityAyounglady’sminiskirtwasaccidentallytornopenbyayoungman.Pleasedecidewheretheycomefromaccordingtotheirresponsestothisincident.2020/5/13131.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomanboweddownandsaidinatendervoice:sorry,itisallmyfault.Itisallthebadqualityofmyskirt.IamsorryforthetroubleIhavebroughttoyou.JapanOver-courtesyandmale-dominatedJokeappreciationforculturaldiversity2020/5/13142.Beforethemansayingsorry,thewomangavehimaname-cardandsaid:“Thisismylawyer’sphonenumber.Hewilltalkwithyouaboutyours