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1、SpecializedEnglishforchemistryChemicalEnineeringandTechnologyLesson2TheAnatomyofaChemicalManufacturingProcess•ThebasiccomponentsofatypicalchemicalprocessareshowninFig.6-2-1,inwhicheachblockrepresentsastageintheoverallprocessforproducingaproductfromtherawmaterials.•Fig.6-2-1representsageneralizedprocess,notallthestageswillbeneededforanyparticularprocessandthecomplexityofeachstagewilldependonthenatureoftheprocess.•Generalized广泛的;普遍的;非具体的;整体的RawMaterialstorageFeedpreparationReactionProductseparati。
2、onProductpurificationProductstorageSalesStage1Stage2Stage3Stage4Stage5Stage6RecycleofunreactedmaterialBy-productsWastes•Chemicalengineeringdesignisconcernedwiththeselectionandarrangementofthestages,andtheselection,specificationanddesignoftheequipmentrequiredtoperformthestagefunctions.•Arrangement安排,料理,筹备,预备;整顿,整理,排列,布置,分类;商定,约定;调解,和解•Specification规格;详述;说明书•Stage1Rawmaterialstorage•Unlesstherawmaterials(alsocalledessential,orfeedstocks)aresuppliedasintermediateproducts(intermediates)fromaneighbor。
3、ingplant,someprovisionwillhavetobemadetoholdseveralday’sorweek’sstoragetosmoothoutfluctuationsandinterruptionsinsupply.•Essential基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的•Feedstocks原料•Fluctuations波动,涨落,起伏(fluctuation的名词复数)•Interruptions中断(interruption的名词复数);打断;障碍物;打岔的事•Evenwhenthematerialscomefromanadjacentplant,someprovisionisusuallymadetoholdafewhours,orevenafewdays,supplyingtodecoupletheprocesses.•Adjacent邻近的,毗邻的;(时间上)紧接着的;相邻;•Decouple减弱•Thestoragerequiredwilldependonthenatureoftherawmaterials,themethodofdelivery,andw。
4、hatassurancecanbeplacedonthecontinuityofsupply.•Ifmaterialsaredeliveredbyship(tankerorbulkcarrier),severalweeks’stockmaybenecessary;•iftheyarereceivedbyroadorrail,insmallerlots,lessstoragewillbeneeded.•Lots份额;许多•Stage2Feedpreparation•Somepurificationandpreparationoffilerawmaterialswillusuallybenecessarybeforetheyaresufficientlypure,orintherightform,tobefedtothereactionstage.•Forexample,acetylenegeneratedbythecarbideprocesscontainsarsenicalandsulphurcompounds,andotherimpurities,whichmustberemoved。
5、byscrubbingwithconcentratedsulphuricacid(orotherprocesses)beforeit’ssufficientlypureforreactionwithhydrochloricacidtoproducedichloroethane.•Acetylene乙炔,电石气•Carbide碳化物;硬质合金•arsenical砷的,含砒素的;砷剂•Sulphur硫•Hydrochloricacid盐酸•Dichloroethane二氯乙烷;•Liquidfeedswillneedtobevaporizedbeforebeingfedtogas-phasereactorsandsolidsmayneedcrushing,grindingandscreening.•Vaporized(使)蒸发,(使)汽化(vaporize的过去式和过去分词)•Crushing压破,压碎;镇压;弄皱;挤榨,榨出•Grinding磨碎,嚼碎;折磨•Screening筛(煤、矿石等)(screen的现在分词)•Stage3Reaction•Thereactionstageist。
6、heheartofachemicalmanufacturingprocess.•Inthereactor,therawmaterialsarebroughttogetherunderconditionsthatpromotetheproductionofthedesiredproduct;invariably,by-productsandunwantedcompounds(impurities)willalsobeformed.•Invariably总是;不变的;“invariable”的派生;无不•Stage4Productseparation•Inthisfirststagealteringthereactortheproductsandby-productsareseparatedfromanyunreactedmaterials.•Ifinsufficientquantity,theunreactedmaterialswillberecycledtothereactor.•Theymaybereturneddirectlytothereactorortothefeedpurif。
7、icationandpreparationstage.•Theby-productsmayalsobeseparatedfromtheproductsatthisstage.•Stage5Purification•Beforesale,themainproductwillusuallyneedpurificationtomeettheproductspecification.•Specification规格•Ifproducedineconomicquantities,theby-productsmayalsobepurifiedforsale.•Stage6Productstorage•Someinventoryoffinishedproductsmustbeheldtomatchproductionwithsales.•Inventory存货清单;财产目录,财产目录的编制;存货总值;清查•Provisionforproductpackagingandtransportwillalsobeneeded,dependingonthenatureoftheproduct.•Liquids。
8、willnormallybedispatchedindrumsandinbulktankers(road,railandsea),solidsinsacks,cartonsorbales.•Dispatched分装•Sack麻袋•Carton纸箱•Bale包•Thestackheldwilldependonthenatureoftheproductandthemarket.•Stack堆成堆,垛;堆起来或覆盖住;•1Ancillaryprocesses•Ancillary辅助的;补充的;附属的;附加的•InadditiontothemainprocessstagesshowninFig6-2-1,provisionwillhavetomadeforthesuppyoftheservices(utilities)needed,suchasprocesswater,coolingwater,compressedair,steam.•Facilitieswillalsobeneededformaintenance,firefighting,officesandotheraccommodati。
9、on,andlaboratories.•Maintenance维护,维修•Firefighting消防•Accommodation住处;适应;便利;和解•Laboratories实验室•2Continuousandbatchprocesses•连续和间歇过程•Continuousprocessesaredesignedtooperate24hoursaday,7daysaweek,throughouttheyear.•Somedowntimewillbeallowedformaintenanceand,forsomeprocesses,catalystregeneration.•Theplantattainment,thatis,thepercentageoftheavailablehoursinayearthattheplantoperates,willusuallybe90%to95%.•Batchprocessesaredesignedtooperateintermittently.•Intermittently间歇地;断断续续•Someoralltheprocessunitsa。
10、refrequentlyshutdownandstartedup.•Continuousprocesseswillusuallybemoreeconomicalforlargescaleproduction.•Batchprocessesareusedwheresomeflexibilityiswantedinproductionrateorproductspecification.•Flexibility柔韧性,机动性,灵活性;伸缩性;可塑度;柔度;•Thechoicebetweenbatchandcontinuousoperationwillnotbeclearcut,butthefollowingrulescanbeusedasaguide.ContinuousBatch1.Productionrategreaterthan5*100kg/h1.Productionratelessthan5*100kg/h2.Singleproduct2.Arangeofproductsorproductspecifications3.Noseverefouling3.Severefouling4。
本文标题:化工专业英语课件二
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