牛津高中英语1-8模块重点词汇讲解[二]

牛津高中英语1—8模块重点词汇讲解（二）11.survive(P50,M2):Ofthe2,200peopleontheship,only705survived.surviveUsage1:不及物，幸存，残存，活下来e.g.:(1)Hesurvivedinthedesertforaweekonbiscuitsandwater.在沙漠中，他靠饼干和水维持了一周。(2)Veryfewoftheseoldcoinssurvive.这些古币几乎都失传了。(3)--Howcanyoucopewiththishugeamountofwork?--Don’tworry;I’llsurvive.——你如何能够处理这么多工作？——别担心，我应付得来。Usage2:vt.,比…活得长;经历…之后还存在e.g.:(1)Fewbuildingssurvivedthefire.火灾过后，建筑物所剩无几。(2)Shesurvivedhersons.她活得比她的儿子们长。(3)Thegovernmentisunlikelytosurvivethenextelection.这届政府不可能逃过下届选举这一关。扩展：survivalUsage1:【U】，幸存，残存；生存e.g.:(1)Hopesarefadingforthesurvivalofthemissingclimbers.失踪的登山队员幸存的希望越来越渺茫了。(2)fightingforherpoliticalsurvival为政治生存而斗争Usage2:【C】，残存物；遗迹，遗风e.g.:Thefashionisasurvivalfromthe1970s.这种款式是上世纪70年代的遗风。扩展：survivalkit救生箱（包）（装有维持生命必需品供陷入无助境地的人自救的救生用具）扩展：survivalofthefittest适者生存扩展：survivor幸存者，残存着，生还者e.g.:(1)Therewasonlyonesurvivorfromtheplanecrash.在这起飞机坠毁事件中，只有一个幸存者。(2)Don’tworryabouthim;he’sasurvivor.别为他担心，他能对付一切。12.prove(P58,M2):Hetookallkindsofteststoprovethathewasqualifiedforthisimportanttask.proveUsage1:vt.，证明，证实e.g.:(1)Inordertoproveherpoint,shesheshowedthemthelatestsalesfigure.为了证明自己的观点，她向他们出示了最新的销售数据。(2)Thefingerprintsonthegunprovedconclusivelythatshewasthemurderer.枪上的指纹最终证明了她就是谋杀者。Usage2:L.v,被证明是,被表明是，显示出是,类似turnoute.g.:(1)Onthelongjourneyheprovedamostamusingcompanion.漫长的旅途证明他是一位非常有趣的同伴。(2)Theserevelationscouldprovehighlyembarrassingforthegovernment.揭露出来的这些事情可能会令政府非常尴尬。13.observe(P2,M3):AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.observeUsage1:vt.,towatchwithcarefulattention观察，监视，观测e.g.:(1)toobservethestars观察星相(2)Thepolicehavebeenobservinghismovements.警察一直在观察他的一举一动。Usage2:vt.,toseeandnoticee.g.:(1)Didyouobserveanythingunusualinhisbehavior?你有没有注意到他有反常的行为？(2)Iobservedthattheywerelate.我注意到他们迟到了。(3)Theypoliceobservedhimenterenter/enteringthebankwithashotgun.警察注意到他持枪进入了银行。Usage3:及物动词，遵守，奉行（法律、习俗等）e.g.:(1)toobservethespeedlimit遵守限速令(2)DoyouobserveChristmas?你们过圣诞吗？Usage4:vt.,tomakearemark;saye.g.:(1)“That’sodd,”heobserved.“那很奇怪，”他评论道。(2)Heobservedthatitwasodd.他评论说那很奇怪。14.contribute(P22,M3):ManyfactorscontributedtothedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.contributeUsage1:vi.(to)tohelpincausingasituation,event,orconditione.g.:(1)Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.很多因素导致了他的失败。(2)Thisadvertisingcampaignhassignificantlycontributedtothesuccessofthenewcar.广告宣传极大地促成了这款新车的成功销售。Usage2:vt./vi.，捐献；捐助；贡献出；出一分钱；出一份力e.g.:Icontributed(apound)toJane’sleavingpresent.我为简的送别礼物出了钱/一英镑。Usage3:vt./vi.,（给杂志、报纸等）撰稿，投稿e.g.:Sheregularlycontributestothecollegemagazine.她定期向校报投稿。扩展：contributionmakeacontributionto(doing)sth.15.access(P29,M3):Today,thespreadof“borrowedwords”isduetoeasilyaccessedtelevisionandradioprogramsfromacrosstheworld,andtheInternet.accessUsage1:vt.,toreach,enterorusesth.e.g.:Theloftcanbeaccessedbyaladder.通过一架梯子可以上阁楼。Usage2:【U】,进入；入口e.g.:Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.进入这栋楼的唯一通道是一条泥泞的小径。Usage3:【U】取得（接近）的方法(权利等)e.g.:(1)Studentsneedaccesstobooks.学生们需要有获得书的途径/方法。(2)Myex-husbandhasaccesstothechildrenatweekends.我的前夫在周末时可以来看小孩。(3)ItistheUN’sdutytoprovideeverybodywitheasyaccesstocleandrinkingwater.让每个人得到干净的饮用水是联合国的责任。扩展:accessibleadj.Usage1:easytoreach,enter,orobtain容易达到的；易接近的；易取得的e.g.:Theislandisaccessibleonlybyboat.只能坐船去那座岛屿。Usage2:adj.easyandfriendlytospeakto随和的；容易接近的e.g.:Amanagershouldbeaccessibletohis/herstaff.经理应对员工随和一些。Usage3:inaformthatiseasytounderstand容易理解的，好懂的e.g.:Theinformationoughttobemademoreaccessible.应该让此信息变得更好理解。16.remains(P43,M3):Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand,togetherwithalotoftreasures,suchascoins,paintedpots,silkmaterials,documentsandwallpaintings.remainUsage1:复数形式，partswhichareleft剩下的东西（部分）；遗址，遗迹e.g.:theremainsofdinner/ofanoldcastle剩饭菜/古城堡遗迹Usage2:复数形式fml.,adeadbodye.g.:Hisremainslieinthechurchyard.他的尸体葬在教堂的墓园里。扩展：remainUsage1:不及物动词，比较正式，停留，留下：tostayortobeleftbehindafterothershavegone,beenlost,etc.e.g.:(1)Sheremainedathometolookafterthechildrenwhenherhusbandwentout.丈夫出去的时候，她留在家里照看孩子们。(2)Littleoftheoriginalarchitectureremains.原建筑物几乎没有了。(3)Theonlyremainingquestioniswhetherornotwecanraisethemoney.所剩的唯一问题是我们是否可以筹措到这笔资金。Usage2:vi.,remain+to-v.e.g.:(1)Itsoundsagoodidea,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillsucceed.听起来不错，但是否会成功还有待于进一步去看。(2)Severalthingsremaintobedone.还有好几件事情有待去做。(3)Itonlyremainsformetosaythat…剩下我要说的就是…Usage3:连系动词，依然是，还是e.g.:(1)Heremainsaprisonerfortherestofhislife.他将在牢狱中度过余生。(3)Despitethedanger,sheremainedcalm.尽管情况危险，她还是很镇静。(4)I’msorryyou’retired,butthefactremainsthatthejobhastobedone,sohurryup!你累了，我很难过，但事实是工作必须有人来做，所以请快点吧！17.intend(P2,M4):PSAsareofenplacedforfree,andareintendedtoeducatepeopleabouthealth,safety,oranyotherissuewhichaffectspublicwelfare.intendUsage1:intend/mean+obj.+for/as/to-v:tohaveaplanforsth.inone’smind为…而准备；预定通常用于被动语态:beintended/meantfor/as/to-ve.g.:(1)Thechairwasintended/meantforyou,butshetookitaway.椅子是为你准备的，但却被她拿走了。(2)Thatremarkwasintended/meantasajoke.那句话本只是个笑话。(1)ThebookisintendedforyoungadultsintheirfirstyearoflearningEnglish。这本书是为那些头一年学英语的成年人编写的。(2)Itwasintendedtobecookedslowly.这种食物