阅读技巧之猜测词义,读懂文章

welcomeDealingwithnewwordsorphrasesinreadingcomprehensionComprehensionofWords猜测词义读懂文章1.主旨大意2.细节理解3.猜测词义4.推理判断5.篇章结构6.观点态度题型及解题技巧1.Teachingbackground教学背景阅读理解QuestionForm1.Theword“…”refersto/means/couldbestbereplacedby_________.2.Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans_________.3.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“…”.•方法一：Usingwordformation（构词法）2.Approachintroduction方法介绍prefix(前缀）suffix（后缀）un-wordroot(词根）believe-ableGuessingthemeaningunbelievableWiththeirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:无条件的,绝对的adj.conditionconditional情况，条件n.有条件的adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judgejudgmentjudgmental判断v.判断n.adj.nonjudgmental:•方法二：•Usingcontextclues（利用上下文线索）同义词、近义词Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.有害的adj.作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。also技巧1资金n.Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.money同义词、近义词nor同义词常见信词：or,namely,thatis,i.e.,thatistosay,等。反义词eg.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．“homely”means“”.uglyWiththehelpofwordslike:unlike;buthowever,while,instead,ontheotherhand...Unlikehandsome技巧2Ratherthanlikingthemovie,asIexpectedthemto,allmyfriendsabhorredit.厌恶，憎恨Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.不赞成；不同意RatherthanlikingnoyesagreeInthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.一片混乱定义、解释或举例通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;was;mean;thatis;that’stosay;or;namely;inotherwords;toputitanotherway;i.e,suchas;like;especially;forinstance;forexample)来确定词义技巧31.Whenwritinganarticle,weoftenusesimile,suchas“braveasalion”and“quicklikelightning”．“simile”means“___________”.【修辞】明喻常见的信号词：suchas,forexample,forinstance等。坚决的2.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.社会流动性因果关系Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:because,as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，therefore，sothat，etc.技巧4---sinceyouaremysuperior（上级）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.（2005年上海卷）A．fullofrespectB．tooconfidentandrudeC．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquietsincesuperior标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）1.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers技巧52.Theotherquestionedtheveracity——thetruthfulnessofthesereports.真实性经验和常识Inspiteofthefactthefishermenwerewearingsou’westers,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough.akindofraincoat技巧6•Theheatofsunwarmssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates，formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward．•“evaporates”means“______________”turnsintovapour蒸发•Usingwordformation•Usingcontext(上下文）clues（线索）1.同义词、近义词2.反义词3.定义、解释或举例4.因果关系5.标点符号6.经验和常识Summary小结3.4.Practice练习•Readthefollowingpassagesandseeifyouunderstandthewordsorphrasesthatmaybenewtoyou:•Passage1.•Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.•Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.•1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplane•C.asteadyspeedD.anincreaseinspeed•Passage2.•Atornadocandoalotofdamage.Thewindofatornadorushesatgreatspeedaroundafunnel-shapedcloud.Ittravelsinapathafewhundredfeetwideandabouttwenty-fivemileslong.Asthewindcircles,thefunnelspiralshigherandhigher.•2.Atornadoisa_______.•A.rainstormB.duststorm•C.greatcirclewindD.hugefunnelofwater•Passage3.•STOCKHOLM—ASwedeandtwoAmericanswonthe2000NobelPrizeformedicineonOct.9forstudiesonhowmessagesmovearoundthenervoussystem.ThediscoverymakesitpossibletodevelopdrugsagainstParkinson’sdiseaseandschizophrenia.ArvidCarlsonofSwedenandPaulGreengardandEricKandeloftheUnitedStatessharethefirstprizeofthemillennium,worthnearlyUS$1million,fortheirdiscoveries,Sweden’sKarlinskaInstitutesaid.•3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“schizophrenia”probablymean?•A.akindofillnessB.anewdiscovery•C.anameofasubjectD.anewdrug•Passage4.•NewYork:whenthefirstjetstruck1WorldTradeCenterat8:48amonTuesday,thepeoplein2WorldTradeCenterwithaviewoftheinstantdamageacrossthedividehadtheclearestsenseofwhatthey,too,mustdo:getoutfast….Amongtheuncertaintyaboutwhatwasthebestthingtodo,formalannouncementsinsidethesouthtowerinstructedpeopletostayput,tellingthemthatthebuildingwasingoodconditionandthethreatwaslimitedtotheothertower.•4.Theunderlinedwords“stayput”means______.•A.tokeepsilentB.toleaveatonce•C.tostayinthebuilding•D.toputeverythingbackandthenleave•Passage5.•Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillageclearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends