名词性从句与定语从句的区别

名词从句与定语从句的主要区别1.成分上的区别：名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么样的成分？1.Howtheprisonerescapedremainsamystery.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Hehadnoideawhetherwecouldovercomethepresentdifficultiesornot.主语宾语表语同位语5.IshallneverforgettheyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.6.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.7.IhadneverseensuchagoodfilmasIwatchedlastnight.结论一：名词从句充当句子的主要成分；定语从句充当句子的修饰成分。2.引导词含义上的区别：引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？1.Thathecamebackmadeusveryhappy.2.I’msorry(that)I’vemadeamistake.3.Thefactisthathisbarkisworsethanhisbite.4.Wordcamethathewouldcometoseeusall.5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.6.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizesthathavenotbeenofferedtoanyChineseactororactressbyfar．7.Thedaysaregoneforeverwhenweusedforeignoil.8.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.9.Thisisthevillagewheremyfatheroncelivedforseveralyears.10.1980,whenChinesegovernmentbeganitsreform,isanimportantyearforChina.结论二：定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。3.关于that:that在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？1.Hepretended(that)hedidn’tseeme.2.Thatshelosthernecklaceonthewayhomemadehersoworried.3.Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnasecondlanguage.4.ItissaidthatheworkshardatEnglish.问题：that作何成分？5.Theschoolthatmysisterstudiesatisfarfromhere.6.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.7.Isthisthehousethatyouhaveboughtyourself?(which)(which)问题：that作何成分？结论三：名词从句中的that只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。（宾语从句中可省略）定语从句中的that在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时可以与which互换。（充当宾语时可省略）4.引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：且when,where等不能与in/on/atwhich互换。whether,if,what,howas,5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.--Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.2.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.--________Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.allthatAllthat3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._______________breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsitmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto___________needsitmost.5.We’llrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.We’llremember_______________weturnedtoforhelp.6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo______________hewantsthemtodo.7.I’llreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.I’llread____ofthebooks_____yougiveme.AnyonewhoanyonewhoAnyone(whom)anythingthatanythat6、其余问题：1.误：Idon'tknowifhecomesbackthismonth.2.误：IhavenoideawhathadhappenedwhenIwasaway.正：Idon'tknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.正：IhavenoideawhathappenedwhenIwasaway.3.误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.4.误：Wholeaveslastturnsoffthelight.正：Thereasonisthatheisill.正：Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.