名词性从句复习与定语从句

名词性从句复习基本概念：名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，同位语。我们就把在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语，同位语的句子称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：从属连词：that,whether,if疑问代词：what,which,who,whom,whose疑问副词：when,where,why,how复合关系代词：whatever,whoever,whomever,whosever复合关系副词：whenever,wherever•主语从句•一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。•Thattheearthisroundistrue.•Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.•Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.•Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.•特别提醒•1．引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。•2．可用形式主语it代替主语从句,但what除外；•Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.•Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.•常用的It…that…主语从句模式：1)It’s+adj.+that…It’seasythattheboyworksoutthismathsproblem.It’simportantthatweshouldknowtheinformation.2)It+seems/happenedthat…IthappenedthatIwasoutthatevening.X:It’shappenedthat….3)It’s+过去分词＋that…It’shopedthatourteamcanwinthegame.It’sthoughtthathousingproblembecomesmoreandmoreserious.(It’ssaidthat…It’sconsideredthat…It’sreportedthat…It’sbelievedthat…)对比强调句：It’s+被强调部分＋that/who..被强调部分：人，时间，地点，原因．．．ItwasinthelibrarythatIlostmyglasses.ItisonSundaythathealwaysgoesfishing.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，但口语时，如果有形式主语it引导，既可用whether，也可用if。•Itisstillaquestionifshewillcomeornot•4.what作从句中的成分．that不充当任何成分•如；Thatthethiefwasarrestedistrue.•Whatsurprisedmemostistheseriouspollutionoftheriver.试试看：1＿＿＿hewillgoabroadistrue.2______wearegoingtoplanttreestomorrowhasbeendecided.3_____upsetherishisunkindwords.4_____weexpectisanactiveyoungman.ThatThatWhatWhatthat与whether区别that用于肯定句，肯定的语气whether用于疑问或否定的语气．1____wecanwinthematchisclear.2____wecanwinthematchisstillaproblem.3____hewillgotoLondonhasbeendecided4_______hewillgotoLondonhasnotbeendecidedThatWhetherThatWhether•宾语从句•一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。•I’mglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.•Idon’tknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.•I’msorryforwhatIhavesaid.•特别提示•1．宾语从句的连词that可以省略。但用and并列两个宾语从句时，第二个从句前的that不可以省略.•2．用whetherornot不用if:在介词后的宾语从句通常用whether引导•Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcome.•Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.•c.真理性的事实，大自然一成不变的东西，时态永远用现在时．Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoBeijingforameetingandthathecouldgotoseehisuncleassoonashearrivedthere.Hetoldmethatpeopleallovertheworldlikepeacenotwar.•表语从句•一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.•TheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.•Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.•Thequestionishowwecangetthere.•特别提醒•1．表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.•2．表语从句不用if引导的，用whether,asif•Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.•同位语从句•一个句子在复合句中充当一个名词的同位语,进一步说明其内容，就叫同位语从句.•e.g.ThenewsthattheChineseWomenFootballTeamwontheworldchampionisexciting.•Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.•.Ihavenoideawherehelives.•特别提醒•1只有某些抽象名词才有同位语从句.这些抽象名词有:•news,idea,belief,fact,question,problem,order,,thought,promise,hope,reply•2同位语从句中的时态不受主句限制的。•3if不用于同位语从句中的。与定语从句的区别•Thenewsthatheheardjustnowisnottrue.•(定语从句）that充当从句中的宾语成分,可省略•ThenewsthathewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversityexcitedallthevillage.（同位语从句）that不充当从句中的任何成分,也不可省略.•特别训练：•1.I’msorryIhavenoidea___a.whatdoesthiswordmeanb.what’sthemeaningofthiswordc.whatthiswordmeansd.whatmeaningofthisword•2._____isknownthatsheisafamousdoctor.a.Thatb.Thisc.Itd.She•3.Thereasonforhisabsencewas____hismotherwasill.a.becauseb.thatc.whyd.what•4.Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Canyoutellme___?a.wherehaveyoub.whereyouhavegonec.wherehaveyoubeend.whereyouhavebeen.CBDC•5.____wewillhaveagoodharvestthisyearisstillunknown.a.Ifb.Thatc.Whichd.Whether•6._____wasnotquiteclear.a.Whydidshedoitb.Whatshediditc.Thatshediditd.Whyshedidit•7.____doyouthinkisthetopstudentinyourclass?•a.Whomb.Whoc.Whosed.Which•8._____mightdoharmtootherpeople.•a.Thatyouhavedoneb.Whatyouhavedonec.Whathaveyoudoned.WhichhaveyoudoneDDBB9____getshomefirststartscooking.a.Anyoneb.Whoeverc.Whod.Those10.Isthis___lookingfor?a.whatareyoub.whatyouarec.thatwereyoud.thatyouwere11Hisidea____weshouldfinishtheworkaheadoftimewasaccepted.a.thatb.whetherc.ifd.which12.Thisisall____ourteacherexplainedtousinclass.a.whatb.thatc.whichd.ofBBAB•定语从句复习•基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的叫关系词。•关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语和状语等成分。•e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.Doyoustillrememberthefactorywhereabigfirebrokeoutlastwinter?•关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等。•1).who,whom•who和whom只用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，但在口语中常用who代替whom作宾语（作宾语时可省去）。•TheprofessorwhogaveusalecturelastFridayisfromBeijingUniversity.•Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisafamouspainter.•但“ThemantowhomIspokejustnowcamefromJapan.”句中，只能用whom。•2).which•which只用于指物，也可指整个主句的概念，在定语从句中作主语和宾语（作宾语时可省去）。•Ilostthepen(which)myfathergavemelastyear.•Theletterwhichcamejustnowisfrommyuncle.•Itrainedalldaylong,whichforcedthesportsmeettobeputoff.•特别提醒•which作介词宾语时，还可将介词放在which之前，•这时不能用that替换•Thesoldierscametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.•在非限定性定语从句指整个主句概念时，也不可用that替代that在定语从句中既可指人，也可指物，可担任主语和宾语，常可以代替which、who和whom。Hereistheman(that)wemetyesterday.•Myhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.4).whosewhose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中放在名词前作定语。Doyouknowtheboywhosebrotherisafamousartist?Weliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.•这句中的whose=ofwhich但名词前要加the•Weliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.•Weliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichfacesouth•as也可作关系代词，指整个主句的概念，常译为“正如”之意，在句中作主语或宾语