2017版高考英语一轮总复习 附录Ⅱ 构词法课件

附录Ⅱ：构词法Wordformation在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。1.合成(Compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如：blackboardnightfallfantasylandcowboyeverywheresomewherehoweverwhateverwherevermaybenewspaperplaygroundbackbonebroadcastsunburnoverthrowsnowstormanyonemyselfeggplantreading-roombus-driverman-madeblue-eyedpasser-byworn-outup-to-dateeasy-goingpart-timebusstoppostofficeicecreamcarparkhumanrightsgrassroots2.转化(Conversion)一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如：1)taste(v.)→taste(n.)Ittastesgood.Ithasagoodtaste.2)hand(n.)→hand(v.)Let'sgohandinhand.Pleasehandinyourexercisebooksafterclass.3)clean(adj.)→clean(v.)Herroomiscleanandtidy.Shecleansherroomeveryday.4)shade(n.)→shade(v.)Sheissittingintheshadeofabigtree.Sheshadedhereyesagainstthesun.词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。如：1)use/juːs/(n.)→use/juːz/(v.)Theuseoftoomuchchemicalfertilizerleadstoseriousproblems.MayIuseyourpencil?2)present/'preznt/(n.)→present/prI'zent/(v.)Shegaveaveryspecialpresentformybirthday.Largeclassespresentgreatproblemstomanyteachers.3)transport/'trænspɔːt/(n.)→transport/træns'pɔːt/(v.)Horsesweretheonlymeansoftransportinthosedays.ThegoodsweretransportedtoBeijing.4)increase/'Ikriːs/(n.)→increase/In'kriːs/(v.)Sheishopingforawageincrease.Thepopulationhasincreasedgreatly.3.派生(Derivation)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。如：1)前缀dis-agree同意disagree不同意appear出现disappear消失cover覆盖discover发现un-able能够unable不能fair公平的unfair不公平的limited有限的unlimited无限的tie系上untie解开in-complete完全的incomplete不完全的correct正确的incorrect不正确的im-possible可能的impossible不可能的patient耐心的impatient不耐烦的；不耐心的polite礼貌的impolite不礼貌的practical实际的impractical不切实际的proper恰当的improper不恰当的non-stop停止non-stop不停的smoker抽烟者non-smoker不抽烟者mis-understand理解misunderstand误解lead领导；引导mislead误导re-write写rewrite重写consider考虑reconsider重新考虑use使用reuse再利用cycle循环recycle回收en-able有能力的enable使能够rich富有的enrich使丰富danger危险endanger危及multi-cultural文化的multicultural多文化的channel渠道；频道multichannel多渠道(的)；多频道(的)tele-phone电话telephone电话vision视觉television电视kilo-meter米kilometer千米gram克kilogram千克2)后缀-ableaccept接受acceptable可接受的eat吃eatable可吃的suit合适suitable合适的-alnation国家national国家的nature自然natural自然的arrive到达arrival到达-anAmerica美国；美洲American美国的(人)；美洲的(人)Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人-erfarm耕种farmer农民village村庄villager村民-orvisit参观visitor参观者act表演actor(男)演员translate翻译translator译员；翻译-esswait侍侯waitress女服务员host招待hostess女主人-eseChina中国Chinese中国人；汉语Japan日本Japanese日本人；日语-istpiano钢琴pianist钢琴家social社会的socialist社会主义者-ianmusic音乐musician音乐家Asia亚洲Asian亚洲的(人)-ismmaterial物质materialism唯物主义social社会的socialism社会主义-mentamuse使发笑；使愉快amusement娱乐；消遣entertain娱乐；招待entertainment款待；娱乐equip装备equipment设备argue争论；辩论argument争论；辩论-nesshappy高兴的；幸福的happiness高兴；幸福ill有病的illness疾病selfish自私的selfishness自私-tion/-ationcollect收集collection收集liberate解放liberation解放translate翻译translation翻译pronounce发音pronunciation发音-shipfriend朋友friendship友谊member成员membership成员资格relation关系relationship关系-fy/-ifybeauty美丽beautify美化simple简单的simplify简化-enwide宽的widen加宽short短的shorten缩短length长度lengthen加长-ingfeel感觉feeling感情excite使兴奋exciting令人兴奋的build建设building建筑-ize/-iseapology道歉apologize/～ise道歉real真实的realize/～ise实现modern现代的modernize/～ise使现代化-domfree自由的freedom自由wise明智的wisdom智慧king国王kingdom王国-thtrue真实的truth真相；真理warm温暖的warmth温暖wide宽的width宽度eight八eighth第八-teenfour四fourteen十四five五fifteen十五-tysix六sixty六十nine九ninety九十certain肯定的certainty确定；确实的事情-ythirst干渴thirsty干渴的storm暴风雨stormy暴风雨的；激烈的-ishchild孩子childish孩子气的fool傻瓜foolish愚蠢的-fulhope希望hopeful有希望的forget遗忘forgetful健忘的mouth口，嘴mouthful一口；满口-lesshome家homeless无家可归的harm危害harmless无害的-ivecreate创造creative创造性的effect效果effective有效的-lybad坏的badly坏；差happy高兴；幸福happily高兴地；幸福地friend朋友friendly友好的day日daily每日(的)；日报-ward(s)back后面的backward(s)向后east东方eastward(s)向东