5动词及在语法填空中的应用

1动词及其语法填空中的应用Part1谓语动词一．什么是谓语动词教学目标1.知道动词的分类，能够区分句子中的谓语和非谓语，能判断语法填空中所给出的动词在句子中充当谓语还是非谓语；2.学会联系上下文的语境判断并正确使用谓语动词的时态、语态，并注意主谓一致；3.识记三种非谓语结构的功能和各自的时态和语态结构，理解它们在含义、结构和用法上的区别；4.学会结合语境使用正确的非谓语形式。难点预知1.谓语动词的各种时态和语态的区分及使用，非谓语动词的区分和各种时态和语态结构2.如何判断填入的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；3.如何联系上下文填入正确时态和语态结构和谓语或非谓语动词；学情分析学习这份讲义的学生应该具备的知识基础和知识短板：1）掌握了谓语动词的各种时态、语态和虚拟语气的结构和用法；2）知道动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词三种非谓语结构的性质和功能，并且能够独立运用这三种非谓语结构。3）对于语法填空题中的动词填空存在困惑、解题思路不清晰编写思路1.区分简单句中的谓语动词和非谓语动词；2.谓语的时态、语态及虚拟语气；3.非谓语的三种形式；4.三种非谓语结构在不同时态和语态中的具体形式及应用；5.综合练习使用建议该专题侧重于帮助学生解答关于谓语动词和非谓语动词的疑惑，帮助学生巩固和归纳谓语动词和非谓语动词。适用于高三专题训练阶段英语语法基础良好的学生。2表格1：动词的分类类别特点举例例句实义动词（vt.）跟宾语Love，give，reach，help等Welovepeace.实义动词（vi.）不能直接跟宾语Come,go,run,arrive,agree等Classesbegin.系动词跟表语Be动词，keep,taste,become等Iamastudent.助动词跟动词原形或分词have,has,do,does,did等Ihavehadmybreakfast.情态动词跟动词原形must,can,should,may等Youmuststudyhard.谓语动词是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作和状态，一般放在主语之后。根据动词的性质，我们可以将谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两种形式。简单谓语：由实义动词或系动词构成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Wearestudents.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.UncleJohnhascaughtabadcold.二．谓语动词的时态和语态（一）考考你：观察下列句子，划出句子的谓语结构，说说分别用了哪些时态和语态。1)Thenaughtyboyistroublesome.Thenaughtyboyisinspiredbythemovingstory.2)Hedevotedallhislifetohelpingchildreninmountainousareas.Hewasdisturbedbythenoisycrowd.3)Afterdecoration,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.Afterdecoration,themuseumwillbevisitedbythereaders.4)Look!UncleLiismendinghisbikeunderthetree.Look!Hisbikeisbeingmendedbyhisbikeunderthetree.5)Theywerehavingdinnereighto’clocklastnight.Thebuildingwasbeingrepairedthattime.6)Generallyspeaking,hehasdoneagoodjob.Alargenumberofflowershavebeenplantedaroundthehouse.7)Thetrainhadleftbeforewearrived.ThebookhadbeensoldbeforeIcalled.8)Themanagerclaimedatthemeetingthatthecompanywouldadvertisetheirproductinthelocalnewspaper.Itwassaidthattheproductwouldbeadvertisedinthelocalnewspaper.9)Withmanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidenthasbeenworkingforawholenight.在句子中充当谓语的动词，称为动词；谓语体现句子的时态和语态，根据上面的语句可知，高中阶段常见的时态主要包括：。（二）谓语动词常见时态和语态表格2：动词时态和语态一览表时态名称含义常见时间状语主动结构被动结构归纳与小结：3一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态often,sometimes,always,usually，everyday，twiceaweek等do(does)一般过去时表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。yesterday，lastweek/year，in1965，twoyearsagodid一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.Tomorrow，nextweek，inafewdays，inthefuture，soonwilldo;am/is/aregoingtodo现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作.Now，atpresent，atthemoment，look,listen开头的句子am/is/aredoing过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。at3o’clockyesterday,atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,justthenwas/weredoing现在完成时1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2．表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。sofar,eversince,since1890,for3years,during…,howlonghave/hasdone过去完成时发生在“过去的过去“bytheendoflastmonthhaddone过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。用在间接引语或宾语从句中（即主句过去时从句过去时）woulddoΔ现在完成进行时从过去到现在一直在进行的动作For…,since…等have/hasbeendoing动动脑：请根据被动语态“bedone”的结构推断出八种时态对应的被动语态结构，将上述表格八种时态对应的“被动语态结构”补充完整。三．英语中如何选用正确的时态和语态（一）根据时间状语与时态的对应关系动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起，如由thistimeyesterday可知用过去进行时；由sofar,inthepastthreeyears,tillnow可知要用完成时，等等。()Hesaidthathe___forShanghaithenextday.A.willleaveB.hasleftC.wouldleaveD.hadleft解析：C（二）根据句子意思确定时态（）—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_____.A.didn’tworkB.won’tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn’twork解析：此处的work是指radio不能正常运行，应用一般现在时的否定式，故选D。（三）根据上下语境来确定时态4（）WhilePeggy___,herbrotherwasplayingrecords.A.readsB.wasreadingC.hasreadDhasbeenreading解析：B。四．时态和语态综合训练I单项选择1.Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforLondon___atseveno'clockintheevening.A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.leavesD.willleave2.Youshouldvisitthispartofthecountrywhen___A.springwillcomB.springcomesC.IthasbeenspringD.Itwillbespring3.Youneedn'thurryher.She___itbythetimeyouareready.A.willhavebeenfinishingB.WouldfinishC.WillhavefinishedD.Willbefinishing4.Wecangohomewhentheground___A.isdryingB.hasdriedC.driedD.willdry5.Obviously,he___abadcold.Hesneezessooften.A.hasB.hasbeenC.hadD.was6.Darwinprovedthatnaturalselection___thechieffactorinthedevelopmentofspecies.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.isD.was7.WhilePeggy___,herbrotherisplayingrecords.A.readsB.isreadingC.hasreadDhasbeenreading8.It'sbeenalongtimesinceI___.Howareyou?A.hadlastseenyouB.sawyoulasttimeC.haveleastseenyouD.lastwasseeingyou9.We___onitforseveralhoursbutwehavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.havebeenworked10.Hesaidthathe___forShanghaithenextday.A.willleaveB.hasleftC.wouldleaveD.hadleftII.语法填空1.IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.(2007广东)2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnatural(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008广东)3.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot__a___pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor__________（push）youwiththeirelbows（肘部）,hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(2009广东)4.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman______(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled__warmly__(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(2010广东)5.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedamansitting(sit)atthefront.He(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.(2011广东)6.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,___wearing___(w