20外文翻译

本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题目企业培训效果评估分析及对策研究学院商学院专业人力资源管理班级人力081学号200852115134学生姓名曹斌指导教师陈野外文题目TrainingforEnterprise外出处JournalofEuropeanIndustrialTraining,1991,17(3):230-235外文作者C.GoreandK.Murray原文一：TrainingforEnterpriseC.GoreandK.MurrayTrainingmethodsneedtobemorethancoursesandtrainingpackagesifthedevelopmentofanenterprisingworkforceistobeachieved.IntroductionInthesedaysoftheenterpriseculturethedevelopmentofanenterprisingworkforceisregardedashighlydesirable.Undoubtedlythisisanareawheretrainingwillhaveamajorcontributiontomake.Sofar,however,thehighereducationinstitutionshavebeentakingtheleadinpursuingthedevelopmentofstrategiesdesignedtofosterenterpriseintheworkforceofthefuture.Thisarticleisanattempttoensurethatindustrialtrainersarewellinformedofsomeoftheworkwhichiscurrentlytakingplaceinhighereducation.Inthiswaynotonlywilltheyknowabouttheeducationalexperienceofnewgraduateentrants,butthosefactorswhichareimportantinthedevelopmentofenterprisingindividualswillbeidentified,thusenablingthedevelopmentofsuitablelearningstrategiesintheindustrialtrainingworld.Thedevelopmentstakingplaceinhighereducationaretosomeextentrelatedtogovernmentinitiatives.ThisstemsfromaseriesoflecturesgivenbySirKeithJosephinthe1970sinwhichhestressedthedesirabilityofenterprise.Recently,itwasexplicitlystatedinaGovernmentWhitePaper[l]thatencouragingenterprisehadbecomeamajoreconomicgoalofGovernment,andtheDepartmentofTradeandIndustry'spolicyistoencouragetheprocessofwealthcreationbystimulatingindividualinitiativeandenterprisebychampion(ing)allthepeoplewhomakeithappensothataclimatefavourabletoenterpriseemergesintheUK.AsaresulttheEnterpriseinHigherEducationschemewaslaunchedbytheEmploymentSecretaryinDecember1987andisadministeredbytheTrainingAgency.Theaimoftheprojectistointroduceenterpriseintohighereducationwiththeobjectivesofensuringthat:Everypersonseekingahighereducationqualificationshouldbeabletodevelopcompetencesandattitudesrelevanttoenterprise.Highereducationinstitutionswereinvitedtoputforwardprojectsforfundingwhichwouldensuretheseobjectivescouldbeachieved.Initially11institutionsreceivedfullfunding.Theschemeinvolvesaprovisionofgrantsforupto￡1millionperinstitutionoverafive-yearperiodtotheselectedinstitutions.ThisschemeissoontobeexpandedandtheTreasuryhasapprovedfundingforanother16institutions.Inadditionsomeinstitutionsarereceivingdevelopmentfunding.AsapartofthedevelopmentfundingtoajointprojectfromLeicesterPolytechnicandLeicesterUniversityasurveywasundertakentodefineenterpriseandassessstudentperceptionsofenterprise.Thisprovidedsomeinterestingresults.TheSurveyTheinterimsurveyresultsarebasedona1.6percentsampleconsistingof147studentsand14stafffromLeicesterPolytechnic,stratifiedforsubject,modesofcourses,yearsofcourses,ageandsex.Asemi-structuredinterviewprocesswasusedandtoencourageviewstobeexpressedwithaminimumofexternalstimulationamodificationofthenominalgrouptechniquewasemployed.Thetaskwastreatedasaproductawarenesssurveyregardingenterpriseastheproduct.Groupsofapproximatelytenstudentsandonememberofstaffweregivenstimulusquestionsandaskedtowritebrieflytheiranswersbeforeopeningthequestionforgeneraldiscussion.Thepurposeofwritinganswersinitiallywastopreventtheviewsofdominantmembersofthegroupprevailing.Oncesomeonehaswrittentheirviewdowntheyaremoreinclinedtovoiceitinadiscussionwhichfollows.Thediscussionwastapedandresponsesnoted.Thegroupswereaskedtocometoaconsensusviewifpossibleandthenotedviewswerecheckedwiththegroupstoensureaccuracy.Thequestionsaskedandtechniquesusedresultedpartlyfromresearchandpartlyfromfocusgroupswhoassistedintheformulationofanappropriatestructure.TheIssuesThisprojectaddressespreliminaryissues.Ittriestoidentifythegroundworkforfutureteachingtotakeplace.Assuch,itexaminestwoaspects.First,iftrainersaretodevelopenterpriseitseemsimportanttostartwithacleardefinitionofexactlywhatitisthatistobedeveloped.Onlywhenthedesirableskillsandattributeshavebeenformulatedcanadiscussiontakeplaceaboutappropriatemethodsfordevelopmentofthecharacteristics.Second,itattemptstoprovideanindicationofthestarting-pointintermsofstudents'self-perceptionwithregardtoenterpriseskills.Thisshouldthenbeofassistanceinidentifyingwhatneedstobeachievedandmayinfluencestrategyformulation.ResultsandImplicationsADefinitionGroupswereinitiallyaskedtodefineenterpriseorkeywordswhichtheyassociatedwithit.Therewerebasicallytwoapproaches.Fourgroupsfromthe14intervieweddefinedenterpriseinanarrowwayandassociateditideologicallywiththeGovernment.Atypicaldefinitionwaspurposefulindividualswithinitiativewithintheoperationofamarketsystemorientatedtoprofit.Thesecondapproachwastoadaptabroaderdefinition,regardingenterpriseasatermsummarisinganinterrelatedsetofabilities.Thekeywordsmentionedbymostgroupswereinitiativeandidentifyingnewopportunities.Abusinessstudiesgroupsuggestedthatenterpriseinvolvesrisktakingandoriginalthoughtandappliestotheindividual.Theeffectofsubjectspecialisationswerenotedso,forexample,scientistsandartistsstressedtheimportanceofcreativityanddevelopinganoriginalidea.Onlyonegroupincludedotherpeopleintheirdefiniti