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1高一英语—动词不定式考点+练习7.1不定式作宾语1)动词+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake举例:Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和汤姆谈话。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。3)动词+疑问词+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。7.2不定式作补语1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句:a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让2我们在街上玩耍。b.Webelievehimtobeguilty。我们相信他是有罪的。Find的特殊用法:Find后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例题:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。4)therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意:有些动词需用as短语做补语,如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Marytookhimasherfather.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。7.3不定式主语1)It'seasy(forme)todothat.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt'ssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真高兴。It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。2)It'sverykindofyoutohelpus.他帮助我们,他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。3注意:1)其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型2)不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itis…to…的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。(错)Itistobelievetosee.7.4It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2)ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。for与of的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:Youarenice.(通顺,所以应用of)。Heishard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)7.5不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.7.6不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如:Ihavealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight.7.7不定式作状语1)目的状语To…onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例题Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案:B.如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。47.8用作介词的toto有两种用法:一为不定式+动词原形;一为介词+名词/动名词,to在下面的用法中是第二种,即to+名词/动名词:admitto承认,confessto承认,beaccustomedto习惯于,beusedto习惯于,stickto坚持,turnto开始,着手于,devoteoneselfto献身于,bedevotedto致力于,lookforwardto盼望,payattentionto注意7.9省to的动词不定式1)情态动词(除ought外,oughtto):2)使役动词let,have,make:3)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。注意:在被动语态中则to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.4)wouldrather,hadbetter:5)Why…/whynot…:6)help可带to,也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth:7)but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。8)由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去:9)通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后,可以省去tobe:Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。举例:HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.比较:Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.典型例题1)----Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案:D.whynot后面接不带to的不定式,因此选D。2)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案:B.make后接不带to的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to不可省略。7.10动词不定式的否定式Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…5ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走过的时候,她假装没看见。典型例题1)Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案:B。tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.2)Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案:A。pretend后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretendnottodosth.。3)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案:A。warnsbtod
本文标题:高一英语动词不定式讲解及练习+答案
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