丝绸文化(英语版)

闫子玥2011501287Contents•Introduction•Origin•Formingprocess•Diffrentkindofsilk•SilkrouteIntroductionofsilk•Silkisanaturalproteinfiber蛋白质纤维.Thebest-knowntypeofsilkisobtainedfromthecocoons蚕茧ofthelarvae幼体ofthemulberrysilkworm桑蚕•Chinaisthefirstproducerofsilkintheworld.Silkcocoonsandbitsofsilkhavebeenfoundamongtherelicesfrom4700BC.Today,centersofsilkproductionaremainlyinsouthernChina,SuzhouandHangzhou.Theoriginofsilk•Thecultivationofthesilkworm桑蚕canbetracedbackotthe3rdcenturyB.C.ItwassaidthatLeizu嫘祖,alegendaryfigureofprehistoric史前China,startedtheplantingofmulberrytrees桑树andrisingofsilkworms.Itwascalledsericulturetakesilk养蚕取丝•Atearlyasthe4thcenturyB.C.,localpeopleinSichuanProvincewereabletoproduceakindofplainsilkclothcalledbo(帛)andbrocade绸缎wasfirstproducedinChengdu,Sichuanbyweavingonthiscloth.FormingprocessspinningcocooningcocoonpeelingcocooncookingsilkreelingweaveweaveandcolorationThecharacteristicsofsilkAdvantages•LightFormfittingSoftSmoothBrightandcolorfulComfortableDisadvantages•EasytowrinkleLovetostickonskinEasytofadeAncientandmodernsilkproducts古代以及现代丝绸工艺品silkdragonrobenamogautamabuddhaclipmanivaleriansilk南无释迦摩尼佛夹缬绢•delicate,elegant,havefull-bodiedarttasteandculture,themetopedeck,desk,isanoblejewelrygiftcompanyinunitsandindividuals,anditisalsotheupscalegiftprivatecollectionsofnoble.manualembroidery手工刺绣silkbrocadepainting真丝织锦画silktowelboxset丝绸纸巾盒套silkpurse真丝织钱包THESILKROADIntroduction•ThesilkroadlinkedChineseculturewiththatofIndia,Greece,RomeandPersianfromonecenturytotheother,carriedthegreatChineseinventionstothewestandbroughtartsandcultureintoChina.•Becausesalesmentookmostsilkthanothergoodsinthisroad,itiscalledTheSilkRoad.•Extend4000miles•TheSilkRoadreferstotheancienttraderouteconnectingAsiaContinentandEuropeanContinent,usuallyitcanbeclassifiedintoNorthernSilkRoadontheland，SouthernSilkRoadonthelandandtheSilkRoadonthesea.•TheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutesstartfromChang’an(nowXi’an),travellingwesttoWuwei,passingthoughHexiCorridortoDunhuangandgowesttoEurope.•北方丝绸之路通常是指从长安（今西安），向西到武威的路线，穿越河西走廊到敦煌，西到欧洲。•TheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandisthemostfamous,andWeknowitverywell.•北方丝绸之路最为有名，广为人知。•TheSouthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutestartsfromSichuanProvinceandgosouthtoIndiaandBurma.ThisroadhasalsoplayedagreatroleinthewarbetweenChinaandJapan.•南方丝绸之路通常是指路线从四川省开始南去印度的路线，这条路在中国和日本之间的战争中发挥了重要的作用。•TheSilkRoadontheseamainlystartedfromGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Dengzhou,Yangzhou,Mingzhouports,itcangoeasttoCorea,Japan,SouthtoEast-southerncountriesandwesttoEuropeandAfrica.•海上丝绸之路的主要始于广州，泉州，邓州，扬州，明州港，东到韩国，日本，南至东南方国家和西方的欧洲和非洲。Beginning•It’sveryhardtosayexactlywhentheSilkRoadstarted.manyincoherentsmallscaletraderouteshaveexistedlonglongago,theycanbeconsideredastheearliestSilkRoadbeginningform.我们可以说丝绸之路很早之前就存在，那些不连贯的小规模的贸易路线确实于很早之前就存在，它们可以说是丝绸之路的雏形。HanDynasty•TheSilkRoadformallystartedafterZhangQian’svisitingasanenvoytoWesternRegioninWesternHanDynasty.Hewenttheretwiceseparatellyin138B.Cand119B.C,HeplaysanimportantroleinexploringtheSilkRoad.•丝绸之路起源于西汉时期张骞出使西域，他分别于公元前138年和公元前119年两次出使西域。他对于丝绸之路的繁荣发展有着重要的作用。•Fromthenon,merchantscouldtravelonthesilkroutesafely,andtheybegantoexplorethisnewrouteinordertocarrysilkfromChinatootherpartsoftheworld.HanDynasty•In73AD,BanChaoembarkedonamissiontothewesternregionwitha36-manretinue,ensuringthesmoothoperationoftheSilkRoadwhichhadoncebeenblockedbywar•HisassistantGanYingreachedDaqin(ancientRome)andevenwenttoPersianGulf,deepenedtheSilkRoad.•张骞之后，繁荣的丝绸之路被外部战争阻断,班超带着使命到西部地区，他的助手甘英到达大秦（古罗马），甚至去了波斯湾，加深了丝绸之路。TangDynasty•TheTangDynastygovernmentpaidmoreattentiontotheSilkRoad.UnliketheSilkRoadinHanDynasty,TangDynastyhadcontroloversomeareasofWesternRegionandCentralAsiaalongtheroad,establishingeffectiveandsturdyorders,whichclearedobstaclesforChinesebusinessmen.•唐代政府更加注重“丝绸之路”。不同于汉代丝绸之路，唐代控制了丝绸之路沿线的西部地区和中亚的一些地区，建立有效的和强大的政府部门，给中国的商人清除了障碍。XuanZang•ThefamousChinesemonkXuanZangtraveledalongtheSilkRoadduringtheTangDynasty.•XuanZangjourneyedtomorethan30countriesincludingKashmir克什米尔,Pakistan,IndiaandSriLanka斯里兰卡alongtheSilkRoadin366and627•XuanZang'stripcontributedgreatlytotheTanggovernment'sfriendlyrelationshipwiththesestates.•AfterAnShiRebellioninTangDynasty,theempirefelldown.theTangGovernmenthadlostcontroloftheWesternRegionandthetradeontheSilkRoadwashalted.•唐代安史之乱后，唐朝国力下降。唐政府已经失去了控制西域和丝绸之路能力，丝绸之路的贸易大幅下降。YuanDynasty•ThesilkroadonthelandrevivedgreatlyduringYuanDynastyperiod.GenghisKhanconqueredallthesmallstates,unifiedChinaandbuiltalargeempireunderhisrule.•成吉思汗征服了周边所有的小国家，统一了中国，建立了一个庞大帝国，在他强有力地统治下，陆上丝绸之路开始繁荣兴盛。YuanDynasty•TradealongtheSilkRoadreacheditszenithduringthisperiod.ThefamoustravelerMarcoPolotraveledalongtheSilkRoadvisitingDaDuthatistoday’sBeijingandwrotehisfamousbook《TheTravelsofMarcoPolo》，whichintroducedChinatowesterncountriessystematically.•丝绸之路贸易在这一时期达到了顶峰。著名旅行家马可波罗沿着丝绸之路去到大都就是今天的北京，写了他最著名的书《马可波罗的游记》，对西方国家介绍了中国国家系统。Influences•TheSilkRoadgreatlypromotedtheexchangesofeconomy,technologyandcultureamongtheAsian,theEuropeanandtheAfrican.itmadethewholeworldcolorful.•Itlinkedsuchancientcivilizationsa