被动语态-精讲

Dec.1,2015被动语态基本概念当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态形式：be+过去分词，不同时态通过be表现出来。主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态——主语是动作的执行者。Weplantedthetree.B.被动语态——主语是动作的承受者。Thetreewasplantedbyus.两种语态Why？为何使用被动语态1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。3.强调动作的承受者时；如：Thesonycompanywasattackedbyhackers;3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Max是被Paul叫来的。MaxisaskedtocomebyPaul．5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知…Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…写作常用系列习语。。。。。被动语态的形式Be＋done随时态变化各种时态下的被动语态一般进行完成完成进行现在AmIsgivenAreAmIsbeinggivenAreHasbeengivenHavehashavebeenbeinggiven过去WasgivenWereWasbeinggivenWereHadbeendownhadbeenbeinggiven将来WillbegivenwellbedeinggivenWillhavebeengivenwillhavebeenbeinggiven过去将来wouldbegivenwouldbebeinggivenWouldhavebeengivenwouldhavebeenbeinggiven一般现在时Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Historyismadebythepeople.Confucius'worksarestillreadbymanypeopletoday.一般过去时Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.Thelostboywasfoundatthestreetcornerlastnight.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.一般将来时Theclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.EasonChenwillalsobeaskedtoappearinfilms.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinsixmonths.过去将来时Shesaidtheclassroomwouldbecleanedbyustomorrow.Timsaidthenewhotelwillbebuiltinthefuture.现在进行时Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.Theroadisbeingrepaired.过去进行时Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusyesterdaythistime.Theroadswerebeingwidenedthen.ThenewhousewasbeingpaintedwhenIgothome.现在完成时Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.Theseplantshavebeengrownwithouttheuseofanychemicals.Theworkhavebeenfinished.过去完成式Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbyusfewdaysago.AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgothereHetoldmethattheworkhadbeenfinished.将来完成时Itoldthemtheclassroomwillhavebeencleanedbyusinonehours.ManynewbuildingswillhavebeenbuiltinLondonbynextyear.过去将来完成时FewdaysagoItoldtheteacherthattheclassroomwouldhavebeencleanedbyusin2days.Thedaywasdrawingnearwhenthereserviorwouldhavebeencompleted.练习Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．．We’llputontheplaynextSunday．Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．基本句式第四种：主＋谓＋直接宾语＋间接宾语1.Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruits(byhim)yesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriend(byhim)yesterday.2.Heboughtherawatch.Shewasboughtawatch(byhim).Awatchwasboughtforher(byhim).👉Fathermademeadoll.Adollwasmadeforme.(x)Iwasmadeadollbymyfather.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.(x)Shewaswrittenaletterbyhim.MyauntsewedmeaskirtAskirtwassewedformebymyaunt.(x)Iwasmadeaskirtbymyaunt.•基本句式第四种：•主＋谓＋直接宾语＋间接宾语•间接宾语作主语时：间接宾语＋be＋过去分词＋（原）直接宾语•直接宾语做主语时：直接宾语＋be＋过去分词＋介词＋（原）间接宾语*部分双宾动词(如bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等），直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)有些双宾动词(如answer,deny,envy,refuse,save,spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：Heansweredmethatquestion.Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(x)Thatquestionwasansweredmebyhim.有宾语补足语的主动语态时，不足以放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然保持不变，但语法功能改变－－此时宾语补足语不再是宾语补足语，而是主语补足语。TheywillmakeBeijingmorebeautiful.Beijingwillbemademorebeautiful(bythem).Childrensawtheballoonsrising.Theballoonswereseenrising(bychildren).Hesawathiefstealsomethingfromtheroom.Athiefwasseentostealsomethingfromtheroom.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语被动语态：（原）宾语＋be＋过去分词＋宾语补足语＋by原主语的宾格Helooksafterhergrandmother.Hergrandmotherislookedafterbyher.Atruckisrunningoverabag.Abagisbeingrunoverbyatruck.主语＋不及物动词＋介词＋宾语被动语态：（原）宾语＋be＋过去分词＋介词＋by原主语宾格由情态动词构成的被动语态主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词WecaneasilydownloadmusicfromtheInternet.MusiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheInternet.Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild.Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookafterbythem.CanyouseeanexhibitionaboutAncientTechnology.CananexhibitionaboutAncientTechnologybeseen.Thaks2015.11.30