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预备知识点一:词类概述词类英语名称作用例词名词n.表示人或事物的名称man,dog,tree,book冠词art.用在名词前,起修饰或限定作用a,an,the代词pron.代替名词或数词I,you,that,this,some,afew数词num.表示数量或顺序one,two,first形容词adj.修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征red,beautiful,young,old副词adv.修饰动词、形容词、句子或其它副词very,quickly,often,here动词v.表动作或状态walk,run,study,be介词prep.用在名词、代词或数词前,表示和句中其它词的关系in,on,at,behind,from连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句and,but,if,or感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气oh,hello,hi,er句子成分1•MybrotherteachesEnglishataschool.主语谓语宾语状语•主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主要成分。一般放在句首,但有时也放在其它位置,由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。句子成分2•MybrotherteachesEnglishataschool.主语谓语宾语状语•谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样,描述主语的动作或状态,一般由动词当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语;连系动词与表语一起构成谓语;情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语;助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。句子成分3•MybrotherteachesEnglishataschool.主语谓语宾语状语•宾语:及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任,位于动词或介词之后句子成分4•Brownisateacher.•Itisfinetoday.主语谓语表语•3.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词或从句等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,get,become,turn,go,stay,keep,look,sound(听起来),feel,smell,taste(尝起来)等。状语三)表语它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______,_______的.系动词、连系动词性质特征状态1)状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)一词Heisateacher.2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词3)表像系动词,用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4)感官系动词,主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.5)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6)终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。句子成分5定语:限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词。常由名词、数词、非谓语动词、形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词位于名词之前,短语或从句置于名词之后。•Janeisabeautifulgirl.•Johnhadagreatdesiretotravel.•Childrenwholivebytheseausuallybegintoswimatanearlyage.句子成分6•MybrotherteachesEnglishataschool.主语谓语宾语状语•状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末.Johnoftencametochatwithme.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.(程度目的)(地点伴随)(地点时间)(让步)(方式)(原因)句子成分7•补语:用来补充主语和宾语的意义,一般都着重说明主语或宾语的身份或特征•TheparentsnamedtheirbabyTony.EveryonecallshimJack.(宾补)HeiscalledJack.(主补)5.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词、副词等充当。常接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,ask,see,have,order,make等。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)•同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明–TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.句子成分8八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Thesunrisesintheeast.()2.Helikesdancing.()3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.()6.Toseeistobelieve.()7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.()9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语?你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗?1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语三、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Heisateacher.()2.Myideaisthis.()3.Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()4.Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()5.Heisoutofdanger.()6.Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()7.WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词四、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.It’saredcar.()2.Theyliveintheroomabove.()3.Mybrotherisateacher.()4.Webelongtothethirdworld.()5.Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()6.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()7.Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()8.Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词五、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:9.Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()10.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.()11.Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?()12.ThisistheverybookthatIneed.()过去分词不定式动名词从句六、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Heisoftenlateforclass.()2.Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()3.Hesattheresmoking.()4.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.()5.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.()6.Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()7.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词,程度介词短语,地点分词,伴随不定式,目的形容词,状态让步状语从句结果状语从句六、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:9.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.()10.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate.()11.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句七、宾语补足语:1.IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()2.Ialwaysfindherhappy.()3.Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()4.IhadtheTVfixed.()5.Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()6.Whatmadeyouthinkso?()7.Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式句子基本结构•1.Daydawns.天亮了。主语S谓语V•2.Tomisaprofessor.主语S连系动词L表语P句子基本结构•3.RuthunderstandsFrench.主语S谓语V•4.Hetoldusthewholestory.主语S谓语V直接宾语O宾语O间接宾语O句子基本结构•5.Hediedapoorman.主语S谓语V•6.HefoundGeorgeintelligent.主语S谓语V宾语补语C补语C宾语O从句•1.主语从句:Howthishappenedisnotclear.•2
本文标题:初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学
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