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复合形容词的本质就是形容词,用来修饰名词或者代词的复合形容词的构成也可以有很多种方法,比如hand-made,手工的,手工制造的(n.+过去分词)详细情况是这样的:按词法和句法可分为:第一大类:(词法)复合形容词有以形容词为中心、以动词的分词为中心、以名词(包括名词+后缀-ed)为中心、以及介词短语四大类型:1.以形容词为中心的复合形容词(1)名词+形容词:fat-free(不含脂肪的),toll-free(不交费的),maintenance-free(无需维修的),dust-free(无尘的),interest-free(无息的),care-free(无忧无虑的),nuclear-weapon-free(无核武器的),line-dry(一晾就干的),world-famous(闻名世界的),stone-deaf(完全聋的),life-long(终生的),grass-green(草绿色的),bloodthirsty(嗜血成性的),dog-tired(累极了的),home-sick(想家的),threadbare(穿旧的),heartsick(沮丧的).(2)形容词+形容词:wet-cold(湿冷的),icy-cold(冰冷的),red-hot(炽热的),bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的,又苦又乐的),light-blue(浅蓝的),deaf-mute(又聋又哑的).(3)现在分词+形容词:steaming-hot、smoking-hot(滚烫的、热气腾腾的),soaking-wet、wringing-wet(湿淋淋的,湿得可拧出水来的),biting-cold、freezing-cold(冷得刺骨的,冰冷的).(4)副词+形容词:ever-victorious(战无不胜的),over-cautious(过分小心的),all-round(全面的).2.以动词的分词为中心的复合形容词.(1)名词+现在分词:peace-loving(爱好和平的),time-saving(省时间的),summer-flowering(夏天开花的),ocean-going(远洋的).(2)名词+过去分词:heart-felt(衷心的),air-borne(空降的,空运的),home-made(家制的),travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的),hen-pecked(怕老婆的),book-filled(放满书的),poverty-stricken(贫困不堪的).(3)形容词(或副词)+现在分词:fresh-frozen(速冻的),easy-going(随和的),familiar-sounding(听来熟悉的),hard-working(努力工作的),ever-lasting(永恒的).(4)形容词(或副词)+过去分词:newly-developed(新发展起来的),well-balanced(平衡了的),far-fetched(牵强附会的),half-baked(烤得半生不熟的,肤浅的),hard-won(来之不易的),quick-frozen(速冻的).3.以名词(包括名词+后缀-ed)为中心的复合形容词(1)名词+名词+-ed:hot-tempered(急性子的),chick-enhearted(胆怯的,软弱的),honey-mouthed(甜言蜜语的),pa-per-backed(平装本的).(2)形容词+名词+-ed:short-sighted(近视的),tender-hearted(软心肠的),sweet-tempered(性情温和的).(3)形容词+名词:long-distance(长途的),full-length(全长的,未删节的),white-collar(白领阶层的),red-letter(喜庆的).(4)动词+名词:break-neck(危险的),telltale(搬弄是非的),cut-rate(减价的,次等的).4.介词短语构成的复合形容词在现代英语中,许多介词短语都可以放在名词前面作为修饰语.例如at-risk(处境危险的);Menover45arebecomingthenewat-riskpopulationforsignificantproblemswithanxietyanddepression.in-your-face(明目张胆的):Themessagebehindhisin-your-facetaunt:Getwiththeprogram;supporttheGOPContractwithAmerica;adapt-orelse!5.句式复合形容词许多短语和句子也成了复合形容词.例如:devil-may-care(不顾一切的),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的),run-of-the-mill(平常的),dot-and-dash(莫尔斯电码的).第二大类:(句法)1.形容词+状语(1)比较状语:stone-deaf(完全聋的←asdeafasastone),dog-tired(累极了的←astiredasadogafteralongchase).(2)程度状语:steaming-hot(滚汤的←sohotastosteam),wringing-wet(湿得可拧出水来的←sowetthatitneedswringing).(3)原因状语:home-sick(想家的←sickbecauseofbeingawayfromhomeoffamily),travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的←wornbecauseoftraveling).(4)地点状语:world-famous(闻名世界的←famousintheworld),oven-fresh(刚出炉的).2.动词+状语(1)方式状语:hard-working(努力工作的←toworkhard),quick-frozen(速冻的←tobefrozenquickly).(2)程度状语:far-reaching(深远的,广泛的←toreachfar),half-baked(烤得半生不熟的,肤浅的←tobebakedpartially).(3)时间状语:summer-flowering(夏天开花的←toflowerinsummer),new-born(新的←tobebornrecently),ever-lasting(永恒的←tolastforever).(4)地点状语:ocean-going(远洋的←togoontheocean),home-made(家制的←tobemadeathome).3.主语+谓语(1)动词谓语:hen-pecked[怕老婆的←Henspeck(cocks)],book-filled[放满书籍的←Booksfill(theroom)],poverty-stricken[贫困不堪的←Povertystrikes(theplace,orpeople)].(2)表语:threadbare[穿旧的←Thethread(ofsleeves)isbare],heartsick(沮丧的←Theheartissick).4.动词+宾语peace-loving(爱好和平的←tolovepeace),time-saving(省时间的←tosavetime),breakneck(危险的←tobreaktheneck),telltale(搬弄是非的←totelltales).5.定语-名词(1)定语是形容词:full-length(全长的,未删节的←fulllength),white-collar(白领阶层的←whitecollar).(2)定语是所有格名词:bull-necked(有短而粗的颈项的←bull'sneck),chicken-hearted(胆怯的,软弱的←chicken'sheart).6.并列bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的,又苦又乐的←bitterandsweet),deaf-mute(又聋又哑的←deafandmute),phonetic-semantic(音义结合的),social-political(社会政治的).
本文标题:英语复合形容词
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