主谓一致课件.ppt

主谓一致概念:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。找出下列句子的错误1.Thepoliceiscomimgsoon.2.Thesadnewsmakemecry.3.Myshoesisnew.4.Therichisgoingtobelookedafterwell.5.Thispairofglassesaremine.6.Thefirstclassbeginateighteverymorning.先测一测.makesareareareisbeginsLet’stry.1.OurclassaregoingtohikenextweekOurclassarebigandclean.2.Aspeakerandwriterdoesexerciseeveryday.Aspeakerandawriterdoesexerciseeveryday.Doyouknowthedifferences?3.AnumberofChinesearelearningEnglish.Thenumberofthestudentsareforty.哪一句表达正确？主谓一致三原则1.语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Tomisagoodstudent.Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.2、意义一致原则：指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.Myfamilyisabigfamily.Therearetwentydollarsonthedesk.（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7o’clockyesterdayevening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenews(be)veryexciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。isare就近一致原则：指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.提示：一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.名词作主语1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。ThedeskisTom’s.Somewaterisinthebottle.Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.2.某些集体名词，如family,team,club，class，public，group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.3.某些集体名词，如people,police,clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4.单、复数同形的名词如sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.5.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有：thebaker’s（面包房）,thebarber’s（理发店）,theZhang’s（张家）等。注:the＋姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。TheGreensarehavingbreakfastnow.6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。Thepantsaremine.Myglassesareonthetable.但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoeswasunderthedesk.Twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk.7．当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.8．news，maths，physics，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.Nonewsisgoodnews.Mathsisverypopularinourclass连接词连接的名词作主语1．用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.注：A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。这种情况常有两种结构形式：a.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；a.+n.+and+a.+n.，指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.B：由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.2．当主语后面跟有aswellas,alongwith,with,like,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。(1)Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.(2)Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt(3)Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball(4)Thestudents,includingtheirteacher,aregoingtothebraveman.(5)NobodyexceptMr.LiandMrs.Lilikessoprts.(6)Mr.Libesideshissonslikessports.3．以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。Eitheryouorheistogo.Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere.Therebe结构，依据就近一致原则。Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookinthedesk.(1)Herearetwonovels.OneiswritteninEnglish.TheotherisinChinese.(2)Iseveryoneheretoday.(3)Somethingiswrongwithhim.(4)Noneofthemhasseenthefilm.(5)Eitheroftheboysisready.(6)Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.(7)Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars.(8)Nobodywasin.4．不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing,either,neither,each,theother,another作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。分数和量词作主语1．表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。(1)Twomonthsisalongholiday.(2)Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.(3)Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.(4)Fiveminusfourisone.(5)TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.2．分数(百分数)+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad.注意:population一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants3．anumberof后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。ThenumberoftheteachersinNo.2MiddleSchoolisover100.anumberofthemareyoung.名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词”结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb.Therichoftenhelpthepoor.一、给句子填上is/am/are1.There___somemilkandsomebottlesonthetable.2.NeitherJimnorMary___right.3.EitheryouorI_____goingtoworkthere.4.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____happy.5.There______somesheepandachildoverthere.isisamisareTherebe_A_and_B_Either_A_or_B_Neither_A_nor_B_Notonly_A_butalso_B_动词Thinkingmakesyouclever就近原则1.Behindthehouse_______(be)sometrees.2.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______(come)toschoolontimeinthemorning.3.Nomanandnowoman______(like)theseshoes.4.Heorshe______(have)gonethere.5.Whathesaid________(sound)reasonable.6.“I”____(be)theninthletter.Canyouwor