研究生英语综合原文及翻译Unit Two中国食物

UnitTwo中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。中国美食1中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。1ChinesecuisineisabrilliantfacetofChineseculture,whichisprovenbythefactthatChineserestaurantsarefoundscatteredeverywherethroughouttheworld.Today,theculinaryindustryisdevelopingevenmorerapidlythanbefore.Adecadeago,Beijinghadafewthousandrestaurants,whiletodaythereareover100,000restaurantsofdifferentsizesinthecity.2地方美食众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。2RegionalChineseCuisinesItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromtheMing(1368-1644)dynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofChinesebasedopregionalcooking.TheycamefromShandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,andAnhuiprovinces.Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,asalmosteveryplacehasitsownlocalspecialties,andasthedifferentcuisinesgathertogetherinbigcities,suchasBeijing.3被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。在那里的任何一家餐馆都能找到既可口又经济实惠的美食。川菜的原料虽简单，但调料却大有讲究。川菜以口味辣著称，但仅是口味辣还不能使川菜区别于其他辣口味的菜系，比如湖南菜和贵州菜。川菜的特别之处在于花椒的使用。尝过花椒之后，人们的舌头和嘴巴会留下酥麻的感觉。除了花椒之外，川菜还常用辣椒粉之类的调料。因使用豆豉作配料，再加上一套独特的烹饪方式，如今川菜在全世界都十分有名和受欢迎。近几年涌现了一大批著名的专做川菜的餐馆，比如谭鱼头。3Sichuan,knownasNature'sStorehouse,isalsoastorehouseofcuisine.Here,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.TheingredientsforSichuancuisinearesimplebutthespicesusedarequitedifferent.Sichuancuisineisfamousforitsspicyandhotfood,yetjustbeinghotandspicydoesnotnecessarily,distinguishitfromotherhotandspicycuisinessuchasHunanorGuizhoucuisines.WhatisreallyspecialaboutSichuancuisineistheuseofChinesepricklyashseeds,thetasteofwhichleavesafeelingofnumbnessonone'stongueandmouth.Besidesthisuniquespice,Sichuandishesareusuallypreparedwithotherspicessuchaschilipepper.Usingfermentedbeansauceandasetofuniquecookingmethods.Sichuancuisineisnowfamousandpopularacrosstheworld.Inrecentyears,therehaveappearedmanymorerenownedrestaurantsspecializinginSichuancuisine,suchastheTanFamilyFishHeadrestaurant.4广东省在中国南部，全年气候温和，物产丰富。它还是最早对外开放的通商口岸之一。广东的餐饮文化独具特色，对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。广东菜以其好生猛海鲜、追求新奇、细致考究的烹饪方法而著称。广东菜中的各式煲汤如今已深受全国各地人民喜爱。GuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina,withamoderateclimateandabundantproduceallyearround.Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,theprovincehasdevelopedaculinaryculturewithitsowncharacteristicsthathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellasthroughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonlyavailableChinesecuisine.Guangdongcuisineisfamousforitsseafoodaswellasforitsoriginalityandrefinedcookingprocesses.Varioussoupsinthiscuisinearelovedbypeoplealloverthecountry.5浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。5Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.OnefamousdishisWestLakeVinegarFish,whichlooksprettyandhasthedelicaterefreshingflavorsofnature.ManyChineserestaurantsinChina,aswellasinotherpartsoftheworld,servethisdish,butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.6每道菜都有一段故事中国菜名五花八门，而每道名菜都有一段有趣的故事，说明它如何博得人们的喜爱。一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思；但有些菜名太怪异了，听起来让人一头雾水，不要说外国人难以理解，就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。6EveryDishHasaStoryThenamesofChinesedishesarediverse,butbehindeachofthefamousdishesisaninterestingstoryexplainingwhyitispopular.Agoodnamecanmakethedishmoreinteresting;however,somenamesaresoeccentricthattheymayconfusepeople,bothChineseandforeigners.Ifyouonlytranslatethenamesliterallywithnoexplanation,youcouldmakeafoolofyourself.7拿天津“狗不理”包子来说吧。“狗不理”纯手工制作，大小均等，深受欢迎。这些包子整整齐齐地放在托盘上时，看上去就像是含苞欲放的菊花。皮儿很薄，馅儿饱蘸肉汁，口感柔软，香而不腻。可为什么叫“狗不理”呢?TakeGoubulisteamedbunsinthecityofTianjinforexample.Thesepopularbunsareallofthesamesizeandhandmade.Whenservedinneatrowsonatray,theylooklikebuddingchrysanthemumflowers.Thewrappingisthin,thefillingsarejuicy,themeat,tenderandthetastedeliciousandnotatallgreasy.Then,whythename?8“狗不理”的背后有一段有趣的故事。大约150年前，“狗不理”包子在天津初次亮相。当地有个小伙子，名叫狗子，在一家包子店当学徒。三年后，自己单独开了一家包子店。他做的包子味道鲜美，因此生意十分红火，吸引了越来越多的顾客。狗子工作十分卖力，可他还是满足不了大家的需要，顾客们只得等很长时间。有些顾客等得不耐烦了，就在外面嚷嚷着催他快点，可狗子忙着做包子呢，哪有时间搭理。后来人们就把他做的包子称作“狗不理”，意思是“狗子不搭理他们”。可就是这个有点怪里怪气的名字，反倒起了很好的广告作用，这个名字一直沿用到了今天。如今“狗不理”已经成为天津的老字号。8Thereisaninterestingstorybehindit.GoubulisteamedbunswerefirstsoldinTianjinout150yearsago.AlocalmanbythenameofGouzi(Dog)workedasanapprenticeinashopsellingbaozi(steamedbuns).Afterthreeyears,hesetuphisownbaozishop.Becausehisbunsweresodelicious,hesoonhadathrivingbusinesswithmoreandmorepeoplecomingtobuyhisbuns.AshardworkingasGouziwas,hecouldnotkeepupwithdemandsohiscustomersoftenhadtowaitalongtimetobeserved.Impatient,somepeoplewouldcallouttourgehimon,butashewassobusypreparingthebuns,hedidn'tanswer.PeoplethereforecametocallhisbunsGoubuli,meaningGouzipaysnoattention.Thiseccentricname,however,hashadverygoodpromotionaleffects,andhasbeenusedeversince.Goubuliisnowatime-cherishedbrandnameinTianjin.9浙江菜里有一道深受欢迎的菜，叫东坡肉。这道菜是把五花肉切成大块，配上青葱，在锅底放些生姜，然后