园艺专业英语(课后翻译)

1园艺专业英语翻译（中→英）Lesson1partA1、protected(structure)horticultureisdefinedasacultivationmethodtakinguseofheatkeeping,chillingpreventionorcoolingandrainprooffacilitiestopreventthecropsproductionfrombeinginfluencedorseriouslydonebynaturalseasonsandtoartificiallycreateamicroclimateenvironmentsuitableforgrowinghorticulturalcropsincoldorhotweatherhatactuallyunfavorabletothecropdevelopment.itisalsotermedasout-of-seasonculture,season-offcultureorforcingculture.becauseoftheseasoninwhichhorticulturalcropsareplantedishandfortheirgrowinginopenfield.2、Windbreak、cold–frame、hot-frame、plastic-cladtunnelandgreenhousecouldprovideavarietyofvegetableseedingforopenfieldorprotectedcultureorprotectseedingofcoldtolerantvegetablelivingthroughthewinter,forearlyplantingandacquirementofearlymatureproducts.3、Inrespectofstructuretype,thelargesthorticulturalstructureareainourcountryconsistsofplastictunnelsandleantohouses,especiallytheenergy-sawingsolargreenhouse,whichhasbecomethedominantgreenhousetypeinthecountry.Presentlythedevelopmentoflargegreenhouseormulti-spanhousehasbeeninitiated.Lesson2partA4、Inhorticulturalcropcultivationunderstructurethekeypointofenvironmentmanagementforgrowersistocreateoptimalcomplexofenvironmentalconditionsforcropgrowthanddevelopment,aspossiblyastheycan,accordingtopropertiesandenvironmentaldemandofcrop.Lesson3partALesson4partA1、mostsoilamendmentsareconsistedoftheincreasingoforganicmatters,additionofspecificnutritionalelementsandphadjustment2、thesoilisanimportantconstituteofthelandloamysoilmustconsistofsoulparticleswithproperratio,withequilibriumofnutrients,inwhichcontainssomeorganicmatter,andwithconsiderablemoistureLesson5partALesson6partA1、sinkdemandofhorticulturalcropsextremelyaffectsphotosynthetic,forexample,leafphotosynthesisnoticeablydecreasewhenpotatotubersareremovedduringtheirgrowthshort-termresponsemaybestomatocloseeffect,butthiscannotexplaincommoncontinuouseffects,sometimewhenthesource-sinkratioincreasessignificantly,someoldleavescanrenewtheirphotosynthesisfunctions,ontheotherhand,rapidlygrowingsinkssometimescompetewithleavesformobilizablenitrogenandthisresultsinabscissionofleavesandlowerphotosynthesiscapacity.2、Itisnotclearyetthathowthesinkdemandaffectphotosynthesisofleaves.thesimplestexplanationisthatphotosynthesisaccumulatedinleavesrestrainphotosynthesis.howevertrialsforexaminingthishypothesisusuallyobtainedtheoppositeresults.furthermore,inpractice,photosynthatesseemlynotaccumulatebesidechloroplastsinmesophyllcells.thus,moreresearchworkshouldbedoneon2source-sinkrelationshiptoimproveyieldsofhorticulturalcropsLesson7partA1、thedevelopmentofhorticulturalcropsproductorgansconsistofmaturity、fullripenessandsenescencestages.maturityincludesphysiologicalripenessandhorticulturalripenesstheformermeansthatinthelastgrowthstage,matureorgansbecomefullripeningandthelatermeansthebestgrowthstageofhorticulturalcropsforharvest,suchasleafvegetables,whentheyarereaped,theyarenotphysiologicalripe,andflowercropsareharvestedwhenthyflower.Fullripenessisthedevelopstageafterfruitmaturesomefruitscangetfullripenessintrees,whilesomemustripenafterseparatedfromtrees.afterfullripenthefleshmealinessaromastrengthproperacidityandsugar,senescenceisastoppingterminatingprocessoflivingactivity.Inthisstage,productorgansqualityofhorticulturalcropsbecomebadandcompletelyleavestheireconomicalvalueintheendLesson8partA1、hormoneproducedbyseedinfluencefruitsetting,fruitgrowthandthebalanceofhormonesinplant2、Stonefruitscannotsettheirfruitswhentheirembryosdevelopabnormally.pomefruitscansetwithoutseeds,butfleshcellsgrowslowly3、Gibberellinswasproducedafterpollinationwithseeddevelopmentgibberellinspromotessynthesisofauxin,therefore,promotesfruitsetting.thefruitsetandfruitgrowthissimilarbetweentheovulenotpollinatedtreatedbygibberellinsandthosewhichhasseed4、Gibberellinsproducedbyappleseedsapparentlyrestrainflowerdifferentiationandresultinalternatefruiting.alternatefruitingisnotnormalinpearandmanystonefruits.itisbecausetheearlyoccurrenceofgibberellinssynthesispeakwhichisnotconcurrentwithflowerdifferentiationinitiation.Lesson13partA1、pruningoffruittreesisapracticeinvolvestheheadingbackcutsandthethinningcutsofbranchesforgoodframework,forregulatingcontradictionbetweengrowthandfruiting,formaintainingtheequilibriumbetweenvegetativegrowthandpropagativegrowthandforgoodsunlightexposure,tofruitearlytoachievehighyieldandtogetcommoditywithhighquality2、thepruningmethodsarebestdeterminedbythecharacteristicsoffruitspeciesandcultivars,theclimatethesoilconditionandthecropdevelopingstagesandgrowthstatus.inordertogetthebestresult,itisusefultocombinepruningwithotherculturalpracticeslikefertilization,irrigation,etc3、Reinvigorationoftreesisbetterperformedannually,whichcankeepfruitfromstimulatingexcessivesprouts.removedeadbranches,sproutsandsomecrossingshoots.Secondly,largebranchesshouldbethinnedoutgraduallytoopentreechamberandtoimprovedistributionofsunlightinordertosimulatefruiting.Lesson15partA1、temperatureisancriticalelementinbiological,chemicalandphysiologicalprocessesofallplant