异相型游梁式抽油机设计

I异相型游梁式抽油机设计摘要抽油设备中，以游梁式抽油机最为普遍，数量也最多。游梁式抽油机具有机构简单、可靠性高等优点，因而在油田得到了广泛应用。随着石油工业的发展，目前，为了增加抽油机的适应性、可靠性、经济性和先进性，提高抽油效率，减少动力消耗，改善抽油机的运动特性、动力特性与平衡特性。因此国内外抽油机的总的发展趋势是向着超大载荷，长冲程，低冲次，精确平衡，自动化，智能化，节能化，高适应性方向发展。异相型游梁式抽油机是油田应用最为广泛的一种节能型抽油机。它的设计原理与方法对抽油设备具有通用性。本文介绍了异相型游梁式抽油机工作原理与节能原理，进行了运动学和动力学分析计算、平衡计算。为此，将曲柄回转运动分成24等分，逐点计算悬点的光杆因数、扭矩因数、加速度、载荷值；曲柄扭矩计算、平衡率计算及交变载荷系数计算等。由于计算工作量大，在手算基础上采用了计算机的Excel软件优选了抽油机的几何尺寸。对主要部件进行了选择计算，合理选择电动机和双圆弧齿轮减速器，设计了窄V带传动装置。最后对各结构进行了应力和强度校核。设计显示：如果异相型游梁式抽油机的几何尺寸得到优化，节能效果是显著的。关键字：异相型抽油机，扭矩因数，悬点载荷，净扭矩IIAbstractPumpingequipment,withthemostcommonbeampumpingunit,alsomost.beampumpingunithastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,highreliability,andhasbeenwidelyappliedinthefield.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthepetroleumindustry,now,inordertoincreasetheadaptabilityofthepumpingunit,reliability,economyandadvanced,improvetheefficiencyofoil,reducepowerconsumption,improvethemotioncharacteristicsandpumpingdynamiccharacteristicsandbalance.Sothegeneraldevelopmenttrendandpumpingunitislargeload,andlongstroketoflushtimes,lowprecisionbalance,automation,energysaving,intelligent,andhighadaptability.Out-of-phasetypebeampumpingunitisthemostwidelyusedoilpumpingunitisanenergy-saving.It'sdesignprincipleandmethodofpumpingequipment.Thepaperintroducesthebeampumpingunittypeout-of-phaseworkingprincipleandtheenergysavingprinciple,kinematicsanddynamicsanalysisandcalculation,theequilibriumcalculation.Therefore,willturnintotwenty-fourequalcrankmovementpoint,thecalculationofstrengthfactor,hangingpointtorquefactor,acceleration,loadvalue,Cranktorquecalculation,balanceratioandalternatingloadcoefficientcalculation,etc.Duetothebigworkloadiscalculatedbasedonthehand,usingcomputersExceltheoptimumgeometricdimensionofthepumpingunit.Thechoiceofmaincomponents,reasonablechoiceofdoublecircular-arcgearreducermotorsandnarrow,designtheVbelttransmissiondevice.Finallythestressonthestructureandintensity.IIIDesignshowsthat:ifout-of-phasetypebeampumpingunit,theoptimizedgeometrysizeenergy-savingeffectisremarkable.Keywords:Out-of-phasetypeunit,torquefactor,hangingpointload,nettorqueIV目录前言................................................................11概述................................................................31.1国内外抽油机技术发展概况........................................31.2抽油机的类型与结构及主要参数....................................31.2.1抽油机的类型................................................31.2.2抽油机的结构................................................41.2.3游梁式抽油机主要参数........................................71.3近几年抽油机的研究重点及研究中应重视的问题......................71.3.1抽油机的研究重点............................................71.3.2抽油机研究中应该重视的问题.................................101.4异相型游梁式抽油机特、点工作原理与节能原理.....................111.4.1异相型游梁式抽油机特点.....................................111.4.2工作原理...................................................111.4.3节能原理...................................................112设计数据...........................................................132.1设计数据.......................................................132.2抽油机几何结构尺寸.............................................132.3抽油机模型示功图:..............................................13V3设计与计算.........................................................173.1异相型游梁式抽油机几何尺寸参数计算.............................173.1.1几何关系计算式.............................................173.1.2符号含义...................................................173.1.3各个点参数计算.............................................183.1.4扭矩因数和光杆位置因数计算.................................213.2抽油机运动学计算...............................................233.2.1光杆（悬点）加速度计算式...................................233.2.2加速度计算.................................................233.2.3加速度曲线.................................................243.3抽油机动力学计算...............................................243.3.1悬点载荷计算式.............................................253.3.2减速器扭矩计算.............................................263.3.3曲柄轴净扭矩曲线...........................................273.3.4平衡率P、交变载荷系数CLF的计算..........................283.4传动系统设计...................................................283.4.1电动机的计算与选择.........................................283.4.2计算传动比及减速器的选择...................................303.4.3传动装置的运动和动力参数的计算及窄V带选择.................314抽油机的各部件的强度计算与校核....................................36VI4.1连杆的应力分析与强度校核.......................................364.2游梁的应力分析及强度校核.......................................384.3滚动轴承的选择和寿命计算.......................................404.3.1选取轴承并计算轴承支反力...................................404.3.2计算当量载荷...............................................414.3.3计算轴承寿命...............................................425结论..............................................................436谢辞..............................................................447参考文献..........................................................461异相型游梁式抽油机设计前言本设计通过对异相型游梁式抽油机的优化设计，改进了以往常规型抽油机的高能耗、曲柄净扭矩波动变化大、扭矩峰值高、加速度变化幅度大等特性。使抽油机在采油过程中增加抽油机的适应性、可靠性、经济性和先进性，降低抽油机的载荷变化范围，提高抽油效率，减少动力消耗，提高抽油机的平衡效果，从而增加采油量，创造出更大的经济价值。异相型游梁式抽油机在油田中广泛应用，在创造价值的同时也存