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《有机化学》习题解答(8-11章)——陈宏博主编.大连理工大学出版社.2005.1第二版第八章8-1用系统命名法命名下列化合物。答:(1)3-甲基-2-硝基苯酚(2)3,4-二甲氧基苯酚(3)反-1-甲基-3-乙氯基环己烷(4)2-环丙基乙基苯基醚(5)丁四醇-1-单乙醚(6)1,5-己二烯-3,4-二醇8-2写出下列化合物的结构。(1)3-羟甲基-1,7-庚二醇(2)3-戊烯-1-醇(3)4,5-环氧-4-甲基-1-戊烯(4)烯丙(基)乙炔(基)醚(5)4-甲氧基-1-萘酚(6)5-硝基-3-羟甲基-2-氯苯酚(7)4,4’-联苯二酚(8)3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚答:8-3完成下列各题1(4)A:加入Na生成乙醇钠,过滤,滤液为乙醚,固体加HCl,得到乙醇B:在混合液中加Ag(NH3)2NO3生成白色沉淀,过滤,将沉淀中滴加HCl,得到1-戊炔。在滤液中加入冷稀H2SO4,分层,用分液漏斗分液,有机层为戊烷,水相中加水稀释,得1-甲氯基-3-戊醇。(5)醇羟基可以形成分子间氢键,所以沸点高,而烷氯基则不能形成分子间氢键,所以沸点比较低。(7)CHCH3OHA:CH2CH2OHOHB:H2CCHCHCH3OH(CH3)2CHOHCH3CH2CH2OHCF3CH2CH2OH28-4完成下列反应式。答:CH2CHCHO(1)(2)OHBrO-BrO,,(3)O,HOHOHH(4)CH2Br,CH2MgBrCH2CH2CH2OH,HCCH2HgOOCF3OC(CH3)3HCCH3OC(CH3)3(5),(6)ONaOCH2CHCHCH3HCCHCH2CH3OH,,(7)CH3CH2CHCH2CH3OHCH3Br,(8)CH3CHCH2OHOCH3(9)CHCH2OCH3OH(10)CH3CH3OHCH3OHCH3OOCH3CH3+HIO3,,8-5完成下列转化。(1)CH3CH2OCH2(2)CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CCCH3(3)CH3CH2CH2OHCCCH2CH2CH3HH3CH(4)CH2BrCH2HCCH2O答:(1)[法一]CH3CH2OHCl2hνCH2ClH2OOH-CH2OH浓H2SO4140℃CH2OCH2[方法二]CH3CH2OHCl2hνCH2ClH2OOH-NaCH2ONaCH2ClCH2OCH2浓H2SO4170℃(2)CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CHCH2HBrCH3CH2CHBrCH33CH3CCCH3NaOH乙醇CH3CHCHCH3Br2CCl4CH3CHCHCH3BrBr2NaOH乙醇(3)CH3CH2CH2OHSOCl2CH3CH2CH2ClCH3CH2CH2OHBr2CCl42NaOH乙醇浓H2SO4170℃CH3CHCH2CH3CHCH2BrBrCH3CCHNaNH2液NH3CH3CCNaCH3CH2CH2ClCH3CCCH2CH2CH3H2LindlanCCCH2CH2CH3HH3CH(4)[法一]NaNH2液NH3H2LindlarCH2BrHCCHHCCNaCH2CCHCH2HCCH2OCH2CHCH2CH3CO3H8-6用适当原料合成下列化合物。(1)CH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2(2)CH3CH2CCHCH2(3)C2H5OCH2CH2OH(4)(CH3)3CCHOCH3CH(CH3)2(5)O2NOH(CH3)3COCH3(6)答:(1)CH3CHCH2HBrROORCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CHCH2H2OH2SO4CH3CHCH3OHNaCH3CHCH3ONaCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2CH3CH2CH2BrH2OH2SO4(2)HCCHLindlarH2CH2CH2CH3CH2OHHCCH20%KOH.T.PCH3CH2CCHCH2(3)OHNaOHONaC2H5BrOC2H5Br2CCl4OC2H5Br4Mg乙醚OC2H5MgBrOC2H5OCH2CH2OMgBrH3O+C2H5OCH2CH2OH(4)CH3CHCH2HBrCH3CHCH3Br(CH3)3CCHCH2H2SO4H2O(CH3)3CHCOHCH3Na(CH3)3CHCONaCH3(CH3)3CCHOCH3CH(CH3)2CH3CHCH3Br(5)OH(CH3C)2OOOCCH3OHNO3浓H2SO4OCCH3ONO2O2NOHH2O/OH-H3O+OCH3OHNaOHONa(6)(CH3)2SO4OCH3(CH3)2CCH2HFC(CH3)38-7某化合物A,分子式为C10H14O,能溶于NaOH水溶液,而不溶于NaHCO3水溶液,与Br2/H2O反应得到二溴代化合物,分子式C10H12Br2O。A的光谱分析数据如下:IR谱:3250cm-1有宽峰830cm-1有吸收峰1HNMR谱:δ=1.3(9H)单峰,δ=4.9(1H)单峰,δ=7.0(4H)三重峰试推断A的构造,并说明质子的化学位移及红外吸收的归属,写出有关的反应式。答:A:C(CH3)3HOδ=4.9δ=7.0δ=1.3NaOHC(CH3)3OHC(CH3)3ONa+H2OBr2C(CH3)3OHC(CH3)3ONaH2OBrBr8-8中性化合物A(C8H16O2),与Na作用放出H2,与PBr3作用生成相应的化合物C8H14Br2;A可被KMnO4氧化生成C8H12O2;A与浓H2SO4一起共热脱水生成B(C8H12).B可使溴水和KMnO4溶液褪色;B在低温下与H2SO4作用再水解,则生成A的同分异构体C,C与浓H2SO4一起共热也生成B,但5C不能被KMnO4氧化。B氧化生成2,5-己二酮和乙二酸。试写出A、B、C的构造式。答:A:OHCH3OHCH3B:CH3H3CC:H3CHOCH3OH67第九章9-1写出下列化合物的系统命名。(1)CHCCHOCH3(2)CH3OCH2CHCH2CHOBr(3)CH3CHONO2OH(4)C2H5-CH(OC2H5)2(5)CH3CHCOCH2CH2CH2CHOCl(6)CH3CHCH2CCH3O(7)OOH(8)O(9)CCH3BrCC2H5O(10)HOC=CH3CCH3CCH2CH3O(11)OOCH3(12)CH3OO答:(1)2-甲基-3-苯基丙烯醛(2)4-甲氧基-3-溴丁醛(3)2-甲基-6-硝基-4-羟基苯甲醛(4)1,1-二乙氧基丙烷(5)6-氯-5-庚酮醛(6)异丁基环己基甲酮(7)4-羟基螺[2,5]-6-辛酮(8)1,7,7-三甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮(9)(R)-2-苯基-2-溴-3-戊酮(10)(Z)-4-甲基-5-(3-羟基苯基)-4-己烯-3-酮(11)2-甲基-1,4-苯醌(12)5-甲基-1,2-萘醌9-2写出下列化合物的构造式(1)3-(3-甲氧基苯基)丙醛(2)2,3-二甲基环戊酮(3)丙酮缩氨脲(4)β-环己二酮(5)苯乙醛苯腙(6)3-(2-羟基苯基)-2-丁烯醛(7)1,4-萘醌-2-磺酸钠(8)苯亚甲基丙酮(9)2,3-二羟基-1,4-萘醌答:(1)CH2OCH3CH2CHO(2)OCH3CH3(3)NNHCNH2OCH3CH3C(4)OO(5)CH2CHNNH(6)H3CCOHCHCHO(7)OOSO3Na(8)CHCCH3OHC(9)OOOHOH9-3完成下列各题。8答:(1)A:CH3CHOCH3CCH2CH3O(CH3)3CCC(CH3)3OB:CH3CCCl3OC2H5CCH3OC6H5CCH3O(2)A:OOHNHNH2O2NNO2↓××Br2/CCl4××褪色B:OHCH2OHCOCH3CHOCH2CHOFeCl3××××紫色溶液NHNH2O2NNO2××↓↓↓I2/NaOH××↓××黄斐林试剂××××↓砖红色C:CH3CHCH2CH2CH3OHCH3CCHCH2CH3OHOCHOI2/NaOH↓×××黄NHNH2O2NNO2××↓↓托伦试剂×××↓Ag(3)A:CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHOB:CH2OHCHOOCH3C:CH3CH2COCH3CH3CH2CH2CHO(4)COOO+H2OCOOOHOHCCOOOOHH一般的醛酮与水加成比较难进行,但高度缺电子的醛酮的羟基易与水加成。茚三酮中与苯环相连的两个羰基使第三个羰基成为了高度缺电子的羰基,所以易与水形成稳定的茚三酮的水合物,而且有分子内氢键。99-4写出苯甲醛与下列试剂反应的主要产物(1)(CH3CO)2O/NaOAc(2)NaC≡CCH3(液NH3)(3)CH3CHO/稀OH–(4)浓OH–(5)浓OH–,HCHO(6)NH2OH(7)C2H5OH(干燥HCl)(8)KMnO4/H+,加热(9)菲林试剂(10)托伦试剂(11)Al[OCH(CH3)2]3/(CH3)2CHOH(12)HNO3/H2SO4,25℃(1)CHCHCOONa(2)CHONaCCCH3(3)CHCHCHO(4)COO-,CH2OH(5)CH2OH,(6)HCOO-CHNOH(7)CHOC2H5OC2H5(8)COOH(9)不反应(10)COONH4,Ag(11)CH2OH(12)CHONO29-5写出环己酮与下列试剂反应的主要产物(1)浓HNO3/V2O5(2)NaBH4/C2H5OH(3)HOCH2CH2OH/干燥HCl(4)HCN/OHˉ(5)(C6H5)3P═CHCH2CH3(6)NHNH2(7)Zn-Hg/HCl(8)NH2OH(9)Br2(在HOAc中)(10)饱和NaHSO3溶液(11)C6H5MgBr,然后水解(12)CH3C≡CNa,然后水解(1)CH2CH2CH2COOHCH2COOH(2)OH(3)OO(4)OHCN(5)CHCH2CH3(6)NNH(7)(8)NOH(9)OBr(10)OHSO3Na(11)OHC6H5(12)OHCCCH39-6写出CH3CH═CHCHO与下列试剂反应的主要产物(1)H2/Ni(2)CH2═CHCH═CH2,△(3)Ag2O/NaOH(4)LiAlH4(5)HCN(6)饱和NaHSO3溶液(1)(2)CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CHO(3)CH3CHCHCOONa(4)CH3CHCHCH2OH(5)CH3CHCNCH2CHO(6)CH3CHCHCHOHSO3Na9-7写出对苯醌与下列试剂反应的主要产物(1)HCN(2)H2O/Fe(3)C6H5NH2(4)(5)Br2(6)NH2OH/H+答:10(1)OHCNOH(2)OHOH(3)OHOHNHC6H5(4)OO(5)OOBrBr(6)NOOHOHNO9-8完成下列反应(1)OOH(2)CHOCH2CH2CHO,CHO,CH2OH(3)CHOHCHCOONa,OO(4)BrCH2CH2CCH3OO,BrMgCH2CH2CCH3OO,CH3CHCH2CH2CCH3OOOMgBrCH3CHCH2CH2CCH3OHO,CH3CHCH2CH2CCH3OO(5)OHCHOCH3OCH3,CHOCH3OCH3O,CHOO(6)H3CCH3CCCH3CH3OHOH,(CH3)3CCOCH3,(CH3)3CCOONa+CHI3(7)CHCHCOHCH3C2H5,CHC2H5CH2CCH3O(8)SS,(9)NHCCHOCH3C6H5(10)O9-9下列化合物中哪些能发生碘仿反应?A.ICH2CHOB.C2H5CHOC.CH3CH2CHCH3D.C6H5COCH3E.CH3CHOF.CH3CH2CH2OHOH(A),(C),(D),(E)可以发生碘仿反应。9-10下列化合物中,哪些能发生银镜反应?A.CH3COCH2CH3B.CHOC.(CH3)2CHCHOD.OHOHE.OOCH3HF.CHCHCHOB,C,D,F能发生银镜反应119-11完成下列转化(1)Br(CH2)3CH3(2)CH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CH2CCHCH2CH3OCl(3)CH3CHCH3OH(4)ClCH2CH2C
本文标题:陈宏博主编有机化学题解8-11
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