如何做英语阅读之作者观点与态度题

1同学们好，欢迎大家来到“慧学云平台”微课堂，我是来自柳州八中的英语教师罗曙霞。今天，我给大家讲解的是中考英语阅读之作者观点和态度题。什么是“作者观点态度题型”？观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实，对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。观点态度题是中考的把关题，含金量是2分一题，也是拉开中考考生档次的一种题型，因此，准确作答显得尤为重要。下面我从三个方面来进行讲解，1.命题方式2.解题技巧3.例题讲解作者观点态度”题的命题方式有哪些呢？主要有两种。一.关于目的型推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）命题方式有：Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof…?Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is.这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂单个的句子，而且要全面分析所有相关信息，从而把握作者在整篇文章中的观点，因此，必须看懂全篇文章的意思，切忌片面思考，得出片面答案。二.判断正误型1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothispassage?2.WhichstatementisFALSEaccordingtheabovepassage?3.WhichideaisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingisuntrue?那么我们在做这类题时有什么解题技巧呢？1.抓段落的首句和尾句。作者往往在首句和尾句表明自己的观点和态度，所以抓首句和尾句是做题的突破口。2.不要把自己的态度置于其中，不能以你的观点来判断正确与否；也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。3.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。4.作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联。下面进行例题讲解，首先我们来看Passage1这篇文章有3段，（依次播放3张PPT,每张停顿2秒）好，看题。读AB两个选项，返回第1张PPT，读划线句子，分析出AB选项是正确的。再读C选项，读完回到第一张，解释lost是丧失了能力的意思。所以答案是C选项。此时，文章的大意很明了，自然D选项是正确的。Asuccessfulyoungbusinessmanrecentlylosthisnaturalability(能力)todobusiness.Hewassoworriedthathewenttoseehisdoctor.Thedoctorexamined（检查）him,butfoundnothingwrongwithhisbrain.However,thedoctoradvisedhimtoseeabrainexpert.Theexperttoldhimthathisbrainwasprematurely（过早地）oldandwornout.Healsotoldtheyoungmanthathecouldbecuredbytransplantinganewbrain.Theyongmanaskedthepriceofthebrain.Theexpertsaidslowly,“I’mnotsure.Youknowitdependsonwhatkindofbrainyouwant.Forexample,youcangetalawyer’sbrainfor¥100,000;adoctor’sfor¥200,000;alsoasoldier’sfor¥400,000.”“No,it’sfunnythatasoldier’sbrainistwiceasexpensiveasadoctor’s,”theyoungmanargued（辩论）.“Oh,youknowasoldier’sbrainisneverused,andit’sjustasusefulasanewone,”theexpextsaidcoldly.1.(C)WhichstatementisFALSEabouttheabovepassage?A．Theyoungmanearnedalotofmoneybydoingbusiness.B．Theyoungmanhadagifttodobusiness.C．Theyoungmancouldstilldohisworkwell.D．Theyoungmanwantedthedoctortohelphim.2接下来我们看例题2，这篇文章比较长，我们先看题目。读题，翻译题目。现在我们尝试通过首句和尾句来找找作者的态度，每一段的首句和尾句读出来。边读边分析。由此可以看出作者是中立的态度。Passage2Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcoursetherehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,travelledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinasmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping（蹦极跳）tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace（perhapsabridgeorahotairballon）200metresabovethegroundwithanelastic（有弹性的）ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestoppsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheravtivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromhighbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists（心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people’sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.(C)1.Thewriterofthetexthasaattitude（态度）towardsdangeroussports.A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）D.nervous现在看例题3，这是一篇健康养生的文章，很有现实意义。作者标出4个要点。读出4个要点。看题目（读题）。A选项对应的句子是Eatavarietyoffood,especiallyfruitandvegetables.B选项所对应的句子Youshouldalsotrytohavelesssugarydrinks,likesodaandcoca.Theyincludealotofaddedsugar.Sugarjustaddscalories,notimportantnutrition.C选项的句子是Themoretimeyouspendonthesesitting-downactivities,thelesstimeyouspendplayingsports,like-basketball,anddomgotheractivitieslikebikeridingandswimming.Trytospendnomorethan2hoursadayonscreentime.D选项所对应的句子是Whenyourstomachfeelscomfortablyfull,stopeating.Eatingtoomuchmakesyoufeeluncomfortable.Ifyoudoittoooften,itcanmakeyouunhealthyandfat.这样不难看出答案是D。Passage3Almosteveryday,wediscussthetopicofhealth,especiallyforkids.Butwhatishealth?“Health”meanseatingwell,gettingenoughexercise,andhavingahealthyweight.Let’sreadthefollowingrules.Theycanhelpyoustay3healthy.(1).Eatavarietyoffood,especiallyfruitandvegetables.Weallknowthateatingfruitandvegetablescanhelpusstayhealthy,butmanyofusonlyeatourfavoritefood.Rememberthatwecanonlygetthenutrition(营养)weneedbyeatingdifferentkindsoffood,especiallyfruitandvegetables.(2).Drinkwaterandmilkmostoften.Everyoneknowsthatwaterisimportant.Besidesthat,kidsneedplentyofcalcium(钙)togrowstrongbones,andmilkisrichinit.Everyday,youshoulddrinkatleastthreecupsofmilk,whenyouare9yearsoldorolder.Youshouldalsotrytohavelesssugarydrinks,likesodaandcoca.Theyincludealotofsugar.Sugaronlyincludescalories(热量),notimportantnutrition.(3).Listentoyourbody.Whenyouareeating,noticehowyourbodyfeels.Whenyourstomachfeelscomfortablyfull,stopeating.Eatingtoomuchmakesyoufeeluncomfortable.Ifyoudoitto