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I语法:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,若去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。Iwastheonlypersoninourclassthatwaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.我是我们班唯一一个在会会议上受到校长表扬的人。Thisistheteacherwhohastaughtfor30years.这就是那位有30年教龄的老师。二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切,只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间常用逗号隔开。1、引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who,whom,指物时用which。Whose既可用来指人也可用指物。Thisisourheadmaster,whoIthinkhassomethingimportanttotellyou.这位是我们的校长,我认为他有些重要的事要告诉你。Myeldersisterhasbecomeadoctor,whichIwantedtobe.我姐姐成了一名医生,我原来也想当医生的。2、引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when,where。当先行词指时间时用when,指地点时用where。Helefthishometownin1992,whenhewasonly12yearsold.他于1992年离开家乡,当时他只有12岁。ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年,1977年他被安葬在那里。三、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别:1、关系词不同:关系代词that,关系副词why均不可引导非限制性定语从句。ThehousethatIboughtlastmonthhasgotalovelygarden.Canyoutellmethereasonshythecarbrokedown?你能告诉我车子抛锚的原因吗?2、非限制性定语从句与主句关系不是很密切,中间常用逗号隔开,翻译时译成两个独立的句子;而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句“……的……”。Ihavetwoforeingteachers,bothofwhomarefromAmerica.我有两个外教,他们都来自美国。TheforeignteacherwhocomesfromAmericateachesusliterature.来自美国的那位外教教我们文学。3、非限制性定语从句的关系词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可省略。Thisistheman,whomwetalkedaboutjustnow.这就是那个人,我们刚才谈论过他。Thisistheman(that/who/whom)wearetalkingabout.这就是我们正谈论的那个人。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句可以用“介词+关系代词”引导,能这样用的关系代词主要是which,whom和whose。先行词指物时用which;先行词指人时用whom;whose在从句中作名词的定语,它们一起置于介词后。Thereasonforwhichhedidn’tcomethismorningwasthatitwasrainingheavily.他今天早晨没来的原因是雨下得太大。(forwhich=)Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichtheygotmarried?你还记得他们结婚的那天吗?(onwhich=)Thisisthecityinwhichheoncelived.这就是他曾经居住过后城市。(inwhich=)【参考答案】why,when,where【点津】(1)以上结构中关系代词不能用that,介词后置方可使用。比如,上面的句子可以改为:Thisisthecitythatheoncelivedin.(2)“介词+which”常可以和when,where,why互换。(3)选择介词时应根据先行词、从句的谓语动词或形容词以及从句的意义而定。MountTai,forwhichShandongisfamous,isabeautifulplace.泰山是一个美丽的地方,山东因其而出句。Wesawabigtableonwhichthereweresomebananas.【语法专练】1.Inthisforesttherearemoreorless15kindsofsnakes,fiveareverydangerous.A.whichB.ofthemC.ofwhichD.inwhich2.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargestofthemC.thelargestonethatD.thelargerofwhich3.Thecompany,Mr.Smithwasuntilrecentlythechairman,hadmadelossof3,000,000poundsthisyear.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.inwhich4.Maryaskedthepolicemansheworkedtocontactherwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom5.IhavedecidedtowriteaboutChaplin,oneoffilmsIsawseveralyearsago.A.thatB.whomC.whoseD.which6.Hemadealargetelescope(望远镜),hecouldobservethestars.A.throughwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.forwhich7.RecentlyIhaveboughtasecond-handcar,isveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofthat8.Myglasses,Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.withoutthat9.Onthetable,shefoundapieceofpapersomeJapanseswords.A.whichwerewrittenB.onwhichwerewrittenC.thatwaswrittenD.onthatwerewritten10.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom11.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_________broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that12.HaveyoueverbeentoXi'an,_________Ilefttenyearsago.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD./13.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it14.HisEnglish,________usedtobeverypoorisnowexcellent.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom15.Someoftheroadswereflooded,__________makesourjourneymoredifficult.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who16.I'llfindanicegirl,_________Iwanttomarry.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which17.I'llcomeatten,________I'llbefree.A.inwhichB.thatC.atwhichD.what18.Shehastwobrothers,_________areteachers.A.whoB.thatC.whomD./19.WhichanswerisNOTtrue?Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedyesterday.A.thatB.whichC./D.where20.Istillrememberthedays_________IspentinBeijing.A.whenB.whatC.thatD.during【参考答案】1~5CDCAC6~10ABCBD11~15BABAC16~20BCADC一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态“……将要被……”,其常用的表达形式有“will/shall+be+及物动词的过去分词”,“begoingto+be+及物动词的过去分词”,“beto+be+及物动词的过去分词”三种。一、一般将来时的被动语态的几种句式:1、肯定式:主语+shall/will+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他2、否定式:主语+shall/will+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他3、一般疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他4、特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+shall/will+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他二、一般将来时的被动语态的用法:1、表示根据计划或者安排将要发生的被动动作。2、表示有固定性条件就有规律性的被动结果。Heatedto1000C,waterwillbeturnedintosteam.加热到100摄氏度,水将会变成水蒸汽。Ifyouspeakinclass,youwillbepunished.三、一般将来时被动语态的注意事项:1、在时间、条件状语从句中,应使用现在时表示将来时。同样,应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。Hesayshewillleavethecompanyifheispunishedforthis.Whenthedamiscompleted,theChangjiangRiverwillbecontrolled.2、使用一般将来时的被动语态时,不要遗漏被动式中的be。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成:Have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的形式:1、肯定式:主语+have/has+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他Thecarhasbeenrepaired.2、否定式:主语+have/has+not+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他Thehousehasnotbeencleanedforalongtime.3、一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他Hasmyletterbeenreceieved?4、特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他Whetherhasthenewplanbeencarriedoutyet?三、注意:1、现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去动作的延续或对现在造成的影响。2、被动语态没有完成进行时态,现在完成进行时态的主动改为被动语态时用现在完成时。Hehasbeenwritingthereportfortwodays.变为被动语态应为:Thereporthasbeenwrittenbyhimfortwodays.3、主动语态变被动语态时要注意主谓一致问题。Wehaveusedthiscomputerforthreeyears.变为被动语
本文标题:英语新课标必修二语法归纳(含练习)
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