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东北石油大学课程设计年11月5日课程工厂供电课程设计题目某塑料制品厂全厂总配变电所及配电系统设计院系电气信息工程学院专业班级学生姓名学生学号指导教师东北石油大学课程设计任务书课程工厂供电课程设计题目某塑料制品厂全厂总配变电所及配电系统设计专业电气工程及其自动化姓名学号主要内容:对中小型工厂的供配电系统进行设计,采用10kV供电电源,在金工车间东侧1020m处有一座10kV配电所,先用1km的架空线路,后改为电缆线路至本厂变电所,将6—10kV的高压降为一般低压用电设备所需的电压,然后由低压配电线路将电能分送给各用电设备。其它各项设计,均应根据本厂用电负荷的实际情况,并适当考虑到工厂生产的发展,按照安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理的要求进行设计。参考资料:[1]刘介才.工厂供电[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.44-48[2]王健明,苏文成.供电技术[M].西安:电子工业出版社,2004.[3]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.[4]张桂香.机电类专业毕业设计指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.[5]江文,许慧中.供配电技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.完成期限2010.11.5至2009.11.19指导教师专业负责人2010年11月3日1目录目录···························································································11设计要求···················································································22工厂负荷计算及配电系统的确定·····················································22.1工厂实际情况的介绍·····························································22.1.1工厂平面布置图································································22.1.2供电协议·········································································32.2负荷计算的意义及相关参数的计算··········································32.2.1负荷计算的意义································································32.2.2参数的计算······································································42.2.3无功补偿的计算································································53变压器的台数、容量和类型的选择···················································73.1厂用变压器········································································73.2计算与选择·········································································74配电所主结线设计········································································95高压配电系统设计······································································115.1变电所高压一次设备的选择··················································115.2变电所低压一次设备的选择··················································126配电系统短路电流计算································································137继电保护装置的设计····································································168防雷保护···················································································178.1防雷装置··········································································178.2综合防雷措施····································································198.3避雷器的设置·····································································21参考文献·····················································································2221设计要求(1)负荷计算;(2)主变压器的台数及容量选择;(3)配电所主结线设计;(4)厂区高压配电系统设计;(5)配电系统短路电流计算;(6)改善功率因数装置设计;(7)高低压供电系统一次元件的选择及校验;(8)继电保护装置的设计。2工厂负荷计算及配电系统的确定2.1工厂实际情况的介绍2.1.1工厂平面布置图本次设计的塑料制品厂厂区平面布置如图2.1所示。图2.1塑料制品厂厂区平面图32.1.2供电协议(1)从电力系统66/10KV变电站用10kV架空线路向工厂馈电。该变电站南侧1km。(2)系统变电站馈电线路定时限过流保护装置的整定时间t=2s,工厂总配电所保护整定时间不得大于1.5s。(3)在工厂总配电所10kV进线侧计量。(4)工厂最大负荷是功率因数不得低于0.9。(5)供电系统技术数据:电业部门变电所10千伏母线,为无限大电源系统,其短路容量为200兆伏安。供电系统如图2.2所示。图2.2供电系统图2.2负荷计算的意义及相关参数的计算2.2.1负荷计算的意义负荷计算是设计的基础,它决定设备容量的选用,管网系统的规模以及工程总造价等,这是技术人员熟知的事实。但是近几年来用估算的方法替代了负荷计算,给制定方案、工程审核造成一定的困难。本文通过实例,介绍关于负荷计算4问题,借此引起设计者进一步的重视。2.2.2参数的计算全厂总降压变电所的负荷计算,是在车间负荷计算的基础上进行的。考虑车间变电所变压器的功率损耗,从而求出全厂总降压变电所高压侧计算负荷及总功率因数。列出负荷计算表、表达计算成果。工厂电力负荷的计算方法,一般常用的有:逐级法、需要系数法、二项式法以及产值、产量估算法等。其中需要系数法计算比较简单,适用于用电设备台数比较多,各台设备容量差别不十分悬殊的用电场合,特别适用于车间及工厂计算负荷的计算,故本设计拟采用需要系数法。各车间和车间变电所负荷计算表见附录。具体计算过程:(1)有功功率计算计算公式jsP(kW)=eP(kW)pK薄模车间jsepPPK=14000.6=840kW原料间jsepPPK=300.25=7.50kW生活间jsepPPK=100.8=8.0kW成品库1jsepPPK=250.3=7.50kW成品库2jsepPPK=240.3=7.20kW包装材料库jsepPPK=200.3=6.0kW总计∑jsP(kW)=876.20kW补偿值pK∑jsP(kW)=0.9∑jsP(kW)=0.9876.20=788.58kW(2)无功功率计算计算公式jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)薄模车间jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)=8401.33=1117.2kvar原料间jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)=7.51.73=12.98kvar生活间jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)==8.01.33=10.64kvar成品库1jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)=7.501.73=12.98kvar成品库2jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)=7.201.73=12.46kvar包装材料库jsQ(kvar)=tanjsP(kW)=6.01.73=10.38kvar总计∑jsQ(kvar)=1168.84kvar补偿值qK∑jsQ(kvar)=0.95∑jsQ(kvar)=0.951168.84=1110.40kvar5(3)视在功率计算计算公式22jsjsjsSPQ薄模车间jsS(kVA)=1400kVA原料间jsS(kVA)=15.00kVA生活间jsS(kVA)=13.31kVA成品库1jsS(kVA)=15.00kVA成品库2jsS(kVA)=14.40kVA包装材料库jsS(kVA)=12.00kVA总计∑jsS(kVA)=1460.80kVA补偿值∑jsS(kVA)=1361.93kVA(4)低压额定电流jsI(A)计算公式0.383jsjsSI,jsI(A)=2069.24A2.2.3无功补偿的计算在交流电路中,由电源供给负载的电功率有两种;一种是有功功率,一种是无功功率。有功功率是保持用电设备正常运行所需的电功率,也就是将电能转换为其他形式能量(机械能、光能、热能)的电功率。比如:5.5千瓦的电动机就是把5.5千瓦的电能转换为机械能,带动水泵抽水或脱粒机脱粒;各种照明设备将电能转换为光能,供人们生活和工作照明。有功功率的符号用P表示,单位有瓦(W)、千瓦(kW)、兆瓦(MW)。无功功率比较抽象,它是用于电路内电场与磁场的交换,并用来在电气设备中建立和维持磁场的电功率。它不对外作功,而是转变为其他形式的能量。凡是有电磁线圈的电气设备,要建立磁场,就要消耗无功功率。比如40瓦的日光灯,除需40多瓦有功功率(镇流器也需消耗一部分有功功率)来发光外,还需80乏左右的无功功率供镇流器的线圈建立交变磁场用。由于它不对外做功,才被称之为“无功”。无功功率的符号用Q表示,单位为乏(Var)或千乏(kVar)。无功功率对供、用电产生一定的不良影响,主要表现在:(1)降低发电机有功功率的输出。(2)降低输、变电设备的供电能力。6(3)造成线路电压损失增大和电能损耗的增加。(4)造成低功率因数运行和电压下降,使电气设备容量得不到充分发挥。电网中的电力负荷如电动机、变压器等,属于既有电阻又有电感的电感性负载。电感性负载的电压和电流的相量间存在着一个相位差,通常用相位角φ的余弦cos来表示。cos称为功率因数,又叫力率。功率因数是反映电力用户用电设备合理使用状况、电能利用程度和用电管理水平的一项重要指标。三相功率因数的计算公式为:22cos3PPPSUIPQ式中cos——功率因数;P——有功功率,kW;Q——无功功率,kVar;S——视在功率,kVA;U——用电设备的额定电压,V;I——用电设备的运行电流,A。功率因数分为自然功率因数、瞬时功率因数和加权平均功率因数。(1)自然功率因数:是指用电设备没有安装无功补偿设备时的功率因数,或者说用电设备本身所具有的功率因数。
本文标题:工厂供电课程设计——某塑料制品厂全厂总配变电所及配电系统设计
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