颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异

颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异摘要：颜色词在英汉两种语言中有着丰富的内涵,在文化心理和民族习俗中扮演着十分重要的角色。从黑色、白色的中文和英文含义可以看出中西文化的差异。了解并掌握这些颜色词汇的差异,对克服中西文化冲突,推动中西文化交流有一定的实际意义。Abstract:Thecolorwordhasrichconnotationsinthetwolanguages,playsaveryimportantroleintheculturalpsychologyandethniccustoms.Andfromblack,whiteChineseandEnglishmeaningcanbeseenthatthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculture.Tounderstandandmasterthevocabularyofthesecolordifferences,toovercometheconflictbetweenChineseandWesternculture,havecertainpracticalsignificancetopromoteculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandthewest.关键词:颜色词;翻译；中西文化;差异Keywords:colorwords;translation;culturaldifference;自然界是五颜六色的。颜色在人们心目中会产生特定的含义,引起特定的联想,激发特殊的反应,这就是颜色的社会内涵。汉语和英语中有不少颜色词反映出不同的文化心态和感情色彩。特别是汉语,自古以来就有丰富多彩的颜色词。同样,在英语中,也有不少能够折射出西方文化的颜色词。但由于英汉民族自然环境、社会制度、风土人情、文化背景不同,其内涵意义既有相似点,也有不同点。下面就中西方文化中黑色和白色颜色词的象征意义进行一些对比和探讨,以期对英语学习者带来些许兴致,提高英语学习者学习英语的热情,以及加深中国人对西方文化的了解。Natureisberiotouswithcolour.Colourshavespecialmeaningintheeyesofthepeople,causingspecificLenovo,stimulatethespecialreaction,thisisthecolorofthesocialconnotation.ChineseandEnglishtherearemanycolorwordsreflectthedifferentculturalmentalityandemotions.EspeciallytheChinese,sinceancienttimesthereisrichandcolorfulcolorwords.Similarly,inEnglish,therearemanythatreflectsthewesterncultureofcolorwords.ButbecauseofthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish,thenaturalenvironment,socialsystem,culturalbackground,localcustomsandpractices,theconnotativemeaningbothhavesimilarities,therearedifferentpoints.Somecomparisonanddiscussionofthefollowingontheblackandwhiteinwesterncultureinthesymbolicmeaningsofcolorwords,inordertobringsomeinteresttoEnglishlearners,learnersofEnglishtoimprovetheirenthusiasmforlearningEnglish,anddeepentheChineseunderstandingofWesternculture.一、黑色(black)黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的BlackFriday指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。同时,黑色都代表黑暗、阴险、邪恶。比如汉语有黑社会、黑帮、黑幕,而英语中也有类似表达。如:blackmoney(黑钱,指来源不正当而且没有向政府报税的钱);blackmarket(黑市交易或黑市意为暗中进行政府禁止买卖的商品或外汇的交易,或指进行违法的投机市场);blackmarketprice(黑市价格);blackday(凶日);blackfuture(暗淡的前途);blackmail(勒索);blacklist(黑名单)。但是,黑色在英语和汉语中也有不同的含义。黑色在中国古代象征尊贵、刚毅、严正、铁面无私、憨直、神秘等褒义。在戏剧脸谱中,往往用黑色脸谱象征人物的刚直不阿、严正无私或憨直的性格。另外,它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶和反动,如指阴险狠毒的人是“黑心肠”,不可告人的丑恶内情是“黑幕”,反动集团的成员是“黑帮”、“黑手”,把统治者为进行政治迫害而开出的持不同政见者的名单叫“黑名单”,它又表示犯罪、违法,干盗匪行径叫“走黑道”,称杀人越货、干不法勾当的客栈叫“黑店”,把违禁货物叫“黑货”,违禁货物交易的场所称为“黑市”,利用非法手段得来的钱叫“黑钱”,把有组织犯罪并以实施某些犯罪为目的而形成的结伙、帮派、集团或组织称为“黑社会”等。在英语中黑色也有其自己的文化内涵。众所周知,基督教文化对英美人影响深远。在《圣经》里,黑色象征魔鬼、邪恶、痛苦与不幸。所以,黑色(black)是西方文化的基本禁忌色,它象征死亡、凶兆和灾难,如blackdeath黑死病,towearblackforherfather为她父亲戴孝,blackwords不吉利的话,ablackletterday凶日;它又象征邪恶和犯罪,如BlackMan邪恶的恶魔,ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为,blackguard恶棍、流氓,blackmail敲诈、勒索;它也象征耻辱和不光彩,如ablackmark污点,blacksheep败家子,ablackeye丢脸、坏名声;它还象征沮丧和前途暗淡,如blackdog沮丧,意气消沉,Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡。在英语中black还象征气愤和恼怒。如:blackintheface(脸色铁青);tolookblackatsomeone(怒目而视);Hegavemeablacklook.他怒气冲冲地看着我。在文学及表演艺术上,黑色代表虚伪(falsehood),错误(error),因而,blackhumor(黑色幽默)指的就是一种荒诞、病态、过分夸张的幽默。有趣的是,商业英语的beintheblack却有好的意思,表示“有盈余”,再比如:blackfigure/intheblack(盈利、赚钱、顺差);blackfigurenation(国际收支顺差国)。由此可见,黑色的英汉文化内涵还是有不少差异的。正是由于这些文化差异,在翻译过程中,有时候英语的“black”和汉语的“黑”是不能等同的,比如:blacksheep“败类”;blackeye“丢脸”;blacktea“红茶”;blackswan“稀有罕见的东西”;blackleg“工贼”;inone’sblackbooks“被某人嫌恶”;blackcoffee(不加牛奶的咖啡);而汉语中一些有“黑”的词不也能用black表示,如:黑心evilmind;黑手evilbackstagemanipulator;黑幕insidestory;黑线asinisterline;黑话(argot)、黑暗(dark),黑面包(brownbread).这些都是我们在英语学习过程中应该注意,以免陷入颜色误区。,black(black)Black(black)inEnglishandChinesetwolanguagescultureinthesenseofconnectiontoroughlythesame.Forexample,blackisthecolourofmourning,theBritishandAmericanswearblackclothesatthefuneral,Chinesewearblackatthefuneral.EnglishBlackFridayreferstoJesusintheFridaybeforeEasterpassion,isasadday.Atthesametime,theblackrepresentsthedark,evil,sinister.Forexample,Chinesetriad,gangster,shady,andalsohaveasimilarexpressioninenglish.Suchas:blackmoney(money,referredtoasthesourceofunfairandnottothegovernmenttaxmoney);blackmarket(blackmarketorblackmarketforthegovernmenttobanthesaleofgoodsorforeignexchangetransactions,ortheillegalmarketspeculation);blackmarketprice(blackmarketprices);blackday(blackday);blackfuture(ableakfuture);blackmail(extortion);blacklist(blacklist).However,blackhasdifferentmeaningsinEnglishandchinese.BlackinancientChina,indicativeofhighresolute,solemn,bejustandstern,honestandstraightforward,mysteriouscommendatory.Inthetheatrical,oftenwithblackmasksymbolcharactersupright,pitilessoruprightcharacter.Inaddition,itisbecauseofitsowndarkwithoutlight,giveapersonwithinsidious,sinisterandhorriblefeeling.Itisthesymbolofevilandthereaction,suchasasinistermanblackheart,isnottobedivulgeduglystoryisdark,themembersofthegroupisthegang,black,therulersaspoliticalpersecutionofdissidentsoutofthelistiscalledblacklist,itsaidcrime,illegalacts,drybanditscalledgothere,saidthekillandrob,doillegalbusinessinncalledblack,thecontrabandgoodscalledsmuggledgoods,prohibitedgoodstradingplacescalledblackmarket,theuseofillegalmeanstogetthemoneyistheblackmoney,theorganizedcrimeandthetheimplementationofsomecrimesforthepurposeandtheformationofthegang,gang,g