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1.Practicallyallsubstanceexpandwhenheatedandcontractwhencooled.实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省译“when,and,when”)2.Organiccompoundsareusuallyvolatileandpossesslowmeltingpoints.有机化合物通常容易挥发且熔点较低。(省译动词“possess”)3.Beingstableinairatordinarytemperature,mercurycombineswithoxygenifheated.水银常温下在空气中是稳定的,但如果加热时,它会与氧化合。1.Tertiaryalcoholsareveryresistanttooxidation.叔醇难于氧化2.Fortheseriesofnormalalkanes,thosehavingonetofourcarbonatomsaregases.对直链烃系而言,含有一至四个碳原子的是气体。1.Iftheunsaturationisduetothepresenceofatriplebondthenthecompoundsarecalledalkynes.如果不饱和现象是由于叁键的存在,则该类化合物称为炔烃。2..Abodywithanegativechargepossessesmoreelectionsthanprotons.带负电的物体所含的电子比质子多。(不译作“一个负电,一个物体”)1.Thezincplatebecomesmoreandmorenegativelychargedwithelectrons,asmoreatomsofzincdissolve.随着越来越多的锌原子溶解,锌极板上充满了电子,使它变得越来越负。2.Gasesdifferfromsolidsinthattheformerhavegreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。(v.n.)3.Oneoftheoutstandingpropertiesofcarbonatomisitsabilitytoshareitselectronswithothercarbonatoms.碳原子的突出性质之一是它能与其它碳原子共用其电子。(n.v.)4.Thechlorinefromsaltisusedforbleachingpaperandtextiles.用食盐制取的氯被用来漂白纸张和纺织品。(prep.v.)5.Intheirworktheypaymuchattentiontothecombinationoftheorywithpractice.他们在工作中非常注重理论联系实际。(n.v.)1.Inanabsorptionsystem,therefrigerantisusuallyammonia.吸收系统中,通常用氨做冷却剂。(表语宾语)2.Organiccompoundswillnotusuallyconductanelectriccurrentwheninsolution.有机化合物的溶液通常不导电。(状语主语)3.Thetwoelectronsinvolvedinacovalentbondhavetheirspinsoppositelydirected.此共价键中的两个电子的自旋方向相反。(宾语主语)4.Noneofthesemetalshaveconductivityhigherthancopper.这些金属的导电率都不会超过铜。(宾语主语)5.Thedifferenthydrocarbonsincrudeoilboilatdifferenttemperatures.原油中各种烃的沸点不同。(谓语主语)1.Wettingagentsarerequiredtoprepareproperdispersionoffineparticlepowdersinliquids/pastessuchascolormakeup.要制备将细小粉粒适当分散在液体或膏体中的产品,如着色化妆品,需要润湿剂。2.Alkanesundergoreactionssuchascracking,alkylation,oxidation,halogenation,nitrationandsoon.烷烃能进行诸如裂化、烷基化、氧化、卤化、硝化等反应。(同位语的变序)1Large-scaleevaporationprocessisbeingdevelopedandusedforrecoveringpotablewaterfromseawater.Herethecondensedwateristhedesiredproduct.Onlyafractionofthetotalwaterinthefeedisrecovered,andtheremainderisdiscarded.目前,大规模的蒸发工艺过程正在发展并用于从海水中回收有饮用水。这里,冷凝水就是希望得到的产品。但被回收的的水仅是加入的总水量的一部分,而剩余部分则被扔掉。2Iftheproductissuspectedofbeingacompoundalreadyknown,itisthenphysicallycomparedwiththeknownmaterialtoestablishitsidentity.如果推测产物是一个已知的化合物,那就可以用物理方法将它与已知物进行比较以确定它们的一致性。3Carefulattentionmustbepaidtotheconstructionofthediagraminusingthisequation.用这一公式时必须认真注意其图形结构。1.Theobjectiveofevaporationistoconcentrateasolutionconsistingofanonvolatilesoluteandavolatilesolvent.蒸发的目的是浓缩由非挥发性溶质和挥发性溶剂所组成的溶液。(现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰“solution”,译作“……的”。)2.Thisledtotheproposalsthatanacidisachemicalspeciesthatcangivehydrogenionsorprotonsinachemicalreaction.这就导致这样一个提法:酸是一类化学物质,它在化学反应中能给出氢离子或质子。(定语从句译成并列分句)3.Potentialenergythatisnotsoobviousaskineticenergyexistsinmanythings.势能虽然不象动能那样明显,但它存在于许多物体之中。(定语从句译成让步状语从句)4.Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.无论把气体装在什么容器里,都会把它充满。(定语从句译成条件状语从句)5.Theproblemwhethernaturalrubberisapolymerwithlinearchainmoleculeshasbeensolved.天然橡胶是否是线型链状分子的聚合物,这个问题已经解决了。(同位语作后置定语,其先行词为“problem”,翻译时要变序)6.Metal,whichpossessstrength,ductility,malleability,andotherremarkableproperties,havesuppleantedotherclassesofengineeringmaterialstoaconsiderableextent.由于金属所具有的强度、延展性、柔韧性以及其它显著特性,因而在很大程度上已替代了其它种类的工程材料。(定语从句译成原因状语从句)7.Matterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily物质具有一定的特征或特性,所以我们能够容易地识别它。1TotaldeterminationofstructureisalsopossiblebymeansofX-raydiffraction,sothattheclassicalgoalofstructurestudies-ascertainingtherelativespatialpositionsofalltheatomsinanymolecule-canbereadilyandroutinelyattained.全面的结构测定也可以借助X射线衍射来完成,因此结构研究的经典目标—确定任何分子中所有原子的相对空间位置—就能很快地用常规的方法来完成。2Valuablesolventvaporscarriedbyagasstreammayberecoveredforreusebywashingthegaswithanappropriatesolventforthevapors.被气流携带的有价值的溶剂蒸汽可用下法回收再用,即用适合于该蒸汽的溶剂洗涤该气流。3Theideathatthefourvalencebondsofthecarbonatomaredirectedtowardthecornersofaregulartetrahedronwasadvancedin1874byVan’tHoffandindependentlybyLeBeltoexplaintheexistenceofright-handedandleft-handedformsofsomeorganiccompounds,whichshowsinthefacedevelopmentofcrystals(enantiomorphism)andinthepowerofsolutionstorotatetheplaneofpolarizationofatransmittedbeamofpolarizedlighteithertotherighttotheleft(opticalactivity).碳原子的四个价键都指向正四面体的四角这一概念,是1874年由范托夫和赖贝尔各自分别提出的,以解释某些有机化合物的右旋体或左旋体的存在,它们的存在表现在晶面的发展(对映形态)和溶液把透入的偏振光束的偏振面向右或向左旋转的能力(旋光性)上。(同位语从句采用倒译法,详见6.3;定语从句译成并列分句〈详见8.4二〉。)4.Thisprocedureeliminateserrorscausedbythepresenceofseveraldropsofthesubstancewhichmayadheretothesidesandtipofthepipette.Afterthismanipulation,morealcoholisaddeduntilaclearsolutionisobtained.这样能消除由附着在管壁或管尖的样品所带来的误差。然后再加入乙醇,直至澄清。5.Asecondmethodwhichistheleastaccurateisveryoftenusedintheindustrybecauseofitsgreateaseandconvenience.第二种配制方法准确性最初差,但是,由于操作简单在工业上经常采用。6.Sincethealcoholordinarilyavailableisthecommercial95percentbyvolumealcohol,thisproductisusedinpreparingalcoholofvariousstrengths.既然通常所用的商业乙醇的浓度为95%(体积比),因此我们可用该浓度的乙醇来制备各种浓度的乙醇液。7.Inreportingtheopticalrotationofasubstance,oneusuallywrites:opticalRotationat20˚C+19˚20’orin
本文标题:化学化工专业英语翻译1
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