走出奥米勒斯城的人

Lesson9TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelasVariationsonaThemebyWilliamJamesUrsulaLeGuinTypeofLiteratureAllegoricalDescriptionallegory1.Whatisallegory?2.Famousallegoricalworks?3.CategoriesofAllegory?4.Whyauthorsuseallegory?5.Tipstoanalyzeallegory?6.Characteristicsofallegory?allegoryAliterarydevicetousecharacters,objects,actionstorepresentanunderlyingmeaningthatisdifferentfromwhattheyliterallytranslateintoFamousAllegoricalWorksAesop’sFables:“TheFox&theGrapes”“TheTortoise&theHare”“TheAnt&theGrasshopper”FamousAllegoricalWorksAnimalFarm:byGeorgeOrwellPilgrim’sProgress:byJohnBunyanGuilliver’sTravels:byJonathanSwiftTheRepublic:byPlatoAvatar:byJamesCameronCategoriesofAllegoryAbstractthemesPoliticalallegoryHistoricalallegoryWhyAuthorsUseAllegory?ToaddlayerstotheirworksTocreatewell-rounded&multi-dimensionalcharactersTounderstandtheirviews&beliefsTofunctionasasubmissivevoicewithinstate-controlledproductionTipstoAnalyzeAllegoryAnallegoryisnotmeanttobetakenliterally.Itisafigureofspeechtoconveyadeepermeaning.CharacteristicsofAllegorySymbolictwofoldTheOnesWhoWalkAwayFromOmelasUrsulaK.LeGuinLeGuinHerprofile?Herworks?Herawards?Herthemes?LeGuin(1929-)Birthplace:Berkeley,California,U.S.Education:M.A.,ColumbiaUniversityOccupation:novelistGenres:sciencefiction,fantasyPeriod:1962-presentHerWorksScienceFictions:TheLeftHandofDarkness,1970Thedispossessed,1974TheWorldforWorldisForest,1976Fantasyseries:EarthseaAwizardofEarthsea,1968TheTombsofAtuan,1971TheFarthestShore,1972Tehanu:TheLastBookofEarthsea,1990TalesfromEarthsea,2001TheOtherWind,2001Awards:TheHugoAwardTheNationalBookAwardTheNebulaAwardthemestoexplorecontemporaryissueslikecolonialism&theVietnamWarToreexaminemanythingslikeourcities,political&socialstructuresTofocusmoreonsociologicalandanthropologicalsidesofsocietiesTocriticizecontemporarycivilizationToapplyTaoistphilosophyandfeminismThePeopleWhoWalkAwayFromOmelasTheme?Motivation?Character?Historicalcontext?Structure?Theme(provocative)Happinessisbasedonajustdiscriminationofwhatisnecessary,whatisneithernecessarynordestructive,andwhatisdestructive?MotivationFromtheauthor’sinspiration:Fromthesubtitle:Fromthecontent:Salem,OregonWilliam’spragmatismaphilosophicalquestionCharacter:TheChildLockedinasmallroomorclosetwithnowindows,thechildisdirty,naked,andmalnourished.Itreceivesonlyhalfabowlofcornmealandgreaseadayandoftensitsinitsownexcrement.Thenarratorstatesthatthechild''couldbeboyoragirl.Itlooksaboutsix,butactuallyisnearlyten.Itisfeeble-minded.Perhapsitwasborndefective,orperhapsithasbecomeimbecilethroughfear…Questions:Whatistheauthor’smotivesforchoosingsuchaweakcharacterforthehero?WhyisthedestructionofthischildsocrucialtothehappinessofthepeopleofOmelas?IsthelifeofahumanbeingafairpriceforUtopia?Isitanylessimmoraltowalkaway?HistoricalContext(1973)political,social,andculturalupheavalTheVietnamWarWesternFeminismAnti-culturalMovement:TheHippieMovementSexLiberationMovementTheNewLeftForcesMovementStructurePartParragraphMainIdeaⅠ1-6focusesonthedescriptionofthehappinessoftheOmelaspeopleⅡ7-8focusesonthedescriptionofthemiseryandsufferingofthechildⅢ9-12showstheattitudeofmostpeopleandtheirreactionstothechild'ssufferingⅣ13-14offersthedifferentattitudesandreactionsofafewAllegories&SymbolsAsymbolisasingleobject,personorideathatrepresentsomethingelse.Anallegoryiscomposedofasetofconnectedsymbols.StylisticFeaturesForcefulshortparagraphstointroducenewtopicsRhetoricalquestionstopunctuateherpointsSpecificwordstodescribesound&colortopaintaverbalpictureofthecityofOmelasAvarietyofsentencestructurestobefoundAvarietyofrhetoricalquestionstobefoundSentenceStructuresLongperiodicsentencesLongloosesentencesShortpowerfulsentencesShortellipticalsentencesAbsoluteconstructionsFiguresofSpeechSimilesMetaphorsSynaesthesiaTransferredepithetMostpeople’sattitudes&reactions:Initiallyshocked,sickened,disgusted,outraged,impotent,saddenedUltimatelyabletocometotermswiththefact&resolvedtoliveinsuchamatterastothesufferingoftheunfortunatechildworthitTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelasWhoarethesepeople?Whyaretheyleaving?Wherearetheygoing?Whoarethesepeople?Idealists?Escapists?Revolutionaries?Nihilists?Perverts?Whyaretheyleaving?Disgusted?Frightened?Saddened?dissatisfied?Wherearetheygoing?Monastery?Hermitage?Anewutopiancity?Isitanylessimmoraltowalkaway?TheoneswhowalkawayfromOmelasaredefinednotbytheirrefusaltobecruelbutbytheirrefusaltodoanythingaboutit.Allthepeoplethereareevil&mindless&selfish.Silentprotestisreallyafeeble&pointlessgesture.Thecityhasnorevolutionaries,norebels,noradicals,noconscience,nophilosophers.Inaword,thecitybreedsnopeoplewhohaveasenseofjustice&fairness.passionate&impassionedPassionatespeechImpassionedspeechPassionateimpliesstrong&violentemotion,oftenanimpetuouskindImpassionedimpliesanexpressionofemotionthatisdeeply&sincerelyfeltnaïve&artlessHehadanaïvebeliefinthekindnessofothers.Heisanartlesschild,andeverybodylikeshim.Havinglittleknowledgeorexperienceoflife(=simple-mi