必修五第五单元知识点

必修五Unit51Aid(v)帮助;援助=helpsb帮助某人去做….aidsbtodo在…事帮助某人aidsbin…Heaidedmeinbusiness.Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.n/U/帮助;援助在某人的帮助下withtheaidof为了帮助…inaidofTeachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.知识拓展：give/offeraid援助cometosb.'said帮助某人cutoffaid（突然）终止援助teachingaids教具medicalaid医疗救护ahearingaid助听器2.temporaryadj.暂时的，临时的tempern.脾气temporaryrelieffrompain短暂的解痛temporarywork/solution临时工作/解决办法3.fallillfall+adj.（非延续性动词，瞬间的：ill，asleep，awake，sick，silent，）Hiswifesuddenly_______________lastweek.Shehas_______________foraweek..fellillbeenill4get+过去分词表被动或状态getdone完成Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.getinjured受伤getdressed穿衣服getdamaged遭到破坏Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremoving.getchanged改变getmarried结婚PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.getinfected被感染getbroken被弄破MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.getlost迷失，走失5injurev.Injuryn.Injuredadj.Hegot________________atwork.他干活时腿受了重伤。(injury)He__________intheaccident.他在意外事故中受了伤。(injure)答案:injuriestothelegs（injurytosth.…（部位）的伤）gotinjuredhurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛injure意外或事故而受伤wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）Hegot_______inthefighting.Hewasbadly_______inacaraccident.Herwords________medeeply.I_____mybackwhenIfell.Myfeet_______.答案：woundedinjuredhurthurtinjured6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.)(adj.)Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewasbleedingatthenose.=Hehasabloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleedfor为…而流血,悲痛bleedtodeath出血过多而死loseblood流血、失血7.chokevi.&vt.窒息;阻塞Shechokedwithemotion.她激动得说不出话来。Thesmokealmostchokedme.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8.essentialadj.最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的beessentialto+名词..ItisessentialforsbtodosthItisessentialthatsb(should)do1)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2)Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter'shearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。9.poisonn./vt.毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。3)Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。poisonousadj.有毒(害)的eg:Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargequantities.10.protect…against/from…保护…不受…的损害prevent…fromdoing阻止．．．Wearsunglassesto_________________________.Youneedwarmclothes______________________.Nobodycan_____________________________(阻止他们结婚)．答案：protectyoureyesfromstronglighttoprotectyouagainstcoldpreventthemfromgettingmarriedItismydutyto____mystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.A.preventB.saveC.stopD.protect答案：Dpreventsb.(from)doingstopsb.(from)doingkeepsb.fromdoing11.sense(n.&v.)fivesenses：senseofsmellsenseofhearingsenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseoftastesenseofhumour、duty、directionThemanhasnocommonsense.(无常识)Whathesaidmadenosense.(没道理)sense(v.)感觉到Althoughshedidn’tsayanything,Isensedthatshedidn’tliketheidea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）12.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious；从句为：asyoucanimagine.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。asweallknow=asisknowntoallasweexpect=asisexpectedaseverybodycanseeasyoucanimagine13.variousadj.不同的，各种各样的Therearevariouscolorstochoosefrom.varyvi1.～(insth)=bedifferentinsize,strength,etc(尺寸，力量等)呈现不同varyv.～(withsth);～(fromsthtosth)Pricesvarywithseasons.物价随季节而变动Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉varietyn.变化，多样性，种类Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoodsavarietyof+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致14.dependon取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任Hiswholefamilydependsonhim他全家都靠他养活.Heisamantobedependedon他是个可以信赖的人dependent(adj.)dependence(n.)反义词：independent(adj.)independence(n.)独立15.词语辨析:electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical有关电的,与电有关的.electricity电,电力.电力学electricgenerator发电机,electriccooker电炉,electriciron电熨斗,electricengineer电机工程师18.sticksth.tosth.粘住Stickthetopapermyfingers.sticktodoingsthstickto坚持sticktoone’sview坚持自己的观点19.不可数n.Jewellery=jewelry珠宝(总称)可数n.jewel珠宝，珍视的人、物Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.The____werekeptinthesafe.Manywomenliketobuyasmuch_____aspossible.FatheralwayssaysIamhis______.答案：JeweljewelleryjewelsMysisterhas___.A.apieceofjewelleryB.ajewelleryC.alittleofjewelsD.abitjewellery答案：A20.-y是个形容词后缀。如：windy有风hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈绿色的spicy辛辣的woody树木茂密的21.un—否定前缀，不能….,无法….UnbearableunforgettableunwillingunusualuncertainunfairUnfitunbelievableunfortunateunlikeuncomfortable22.inplace在适当的地方。如：You’dbetterputthingsbackinplace.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.（不得体,不适当）inplace还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.27.Pour及物动词：vt1.倒,灌,注Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2.倾注;大量投入;大量生产Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3倾吐,诉说Sheoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词：vi1.倾泻,涌流Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。2.斟茶ShallIpour?我来斟茶好吗?3(雨)倾盆而降(+down)Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pourcoldwateron/over对…泼冷水Pouroilontheflames火上浇油Pouroilontroubledwaters