电火花烧结的发展趋势

103Vol.10No.3MaterialsScienceandEngineeringofPowderMetallurgy20056Jun.20051,1,2,1,2,1,2(1.,410083;2.,643011):,;;;:;;;:TF124.5:A:16730224(2005)313806DevelopmenttrendofsparkplasmasinteringWANGHai2bing1,LIUYong1,2,YANGJian2gao1,2,LONGZheng2yi1,2(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofPowderMetallurgy,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China;2.ZigongCementedCarbidesCorp.Ltd.,Zigong643011,China)Abstract:Sparkplasmasintering(SPS)isatypeofnovelfastsinteringtechnology,whichischaracterizedbyhighheatingrate,shortsinteringperiodandhighefficiency.Itfacilitatesplasmadischargegeneratedbytransienthigh2energypulseelectriccurrentamongpowderparticlestopreparehigh2performancematerials.Developmentinsinte2ringapparatus,sinteringtechniqueandthetechnicalprincipleofSPSarereviewed.Influencesofsinteringparame2tersonthepropertiesandmicrostructureofthematerialsfabricatedbySPStechniqueareanalyzed.ApplicationofSPStechniqueinsynthesisofnovelmaterialsanditsprospectofdevelopmentareintroduced.Keywords:sparkplasmasintering;powdermetallurgy;technicaltheory;developmenttrend(SparkPlasmaSinteringSPS),,(plasmaac2tivatedsinteringPAS)(Pulsee2lectriccurrentsinteringPECS)[14]SPSPASPECS,SPSPASSumitomoCoalMiningCo.Ltd.(Dr.Sinter)SodickMechateckCo.Ltd.[4],,,[5]1965,,1966(LockheedMissiles&SpaceCompany,LMSC),,1967:20040416;:20041009:(1978),,,.:HaibingWANG,Rm141,15St.MarypsStreet,Dept.ofMan.Eng.BastonUniv.,Boston,Massachusettes,USA,02215.:61735329376179353420().E2mail:[e-mail].(),19772090,,,[67][8][913][14],,,11:;;;//;;;;,,,,11(SPS)[15]Fig.1StructureofSPSsystem[15]1SPS[16]Table1TechnologicalparametersofSPS[16]Pressure/MPaPulsevoltage/VPulsecurrent/ASinglepulsepeakvalueduration/sSinglepulsevalleyvalueduration/sTotalpulseduration/sElectricresistanceheatingvoltage/VElectricresistanceheatingcurrent/ATotaldensificationtime/min151575080803070200010931103,:2SPS;,,,,,SPS,,,,;,[7];,,:[5]:(1):5n5t=D52n5x2(1)(2):5n5t=D152n5x2+E5N5x(2)DD1(3)(4):D(D1)=Cexp(-kT)(3)C=Nv(4)n;t;x;E;;DD1;;k;C;N;T;v,,D1D;,,34:,,;:,,,;:,,;:2,,[16]2SPS[16]Fig.2SchematicdiagramshowingtherelationshipbetweenSPSsinteringpressure,temperature,finaldensityandsinteringtime[16]3.1,,,,,,,,04120056;,,,,10MPa3.2,,,,,;,,,;23.3,,1530MPa,50MPa,(2),,,,,,3.4SPS,,SPS,,,,,SPS130200SPSAl2O325%SiC(Volumefraction)80%Al2O3215%ZrO2(3Y)25%SiC(massfrac2tion),,3,1450,Al2O325%SiC(volumefraction),165097.0%,170099.4%80%Al2O3215%ZrO2(3Y)25%SiC(massfraction),160098.0%,165099.2%,170099.7%,,2003.5,SPS,,,,4M.Yo2shimura[23],5min,50MPa4(a),1200,2Table2SinteringparametersandresultsindifferentsystemsMaterialsystemSPSparametersTemperature/Time/minPressure/MPaRelativedensity/%ReferenceMixMgOintoAl2O311501015-Nearlydensification[17]Ni2MnGashapememoryalloy9005108099.6[18]BaTiO3ceramic110033997[19](La0.9Sr0.1)CrO3ceramic150053997[2]Al2O3/14%Nb2Ti2O7composite115036399.5[20]LayeredSi3N4+SiCw/BN+Al2O3ceramic16501522Highdensification[21]ReactionsynthesizeTi3SiC2135052060Nearlydensification[22]141103,:3SPS[13]Fig.3RelationshipofrelativedensityandsinteringtemperatureforSPSsamples4Fig.4Relativedensity(a)andgrainsize(b)atdifferentsinteringtemperature,1300,99%,,4(b),,,,,,SPS,,T.Takeuchi[24],,,,,,4,,,,,AlWCAlN,SPS(MMC),(FRC),TiAl2TiB2,Mn2Zn,Fe2M2B,CuFeNi,MoSi22C,,,,,,,,,SPS24120056REFERENCES[1]GrozaJR,SubhashHR,KazuoY.Plasmaactivatedsin2teringofaddtive2freeAlNpowdertonear2theoreticalden2sity[J].JMaterRes,1992,7(10):26432645.[2]TakeuchiT,TakedaY,FunahashiR.Rapidprepara2tionofdense(La0.9Sr0.1)CrO3ceramicsbyspark2plas2masintering[J].JElectrochemicalSoc,2000,147(11):39793982.[3]NishimuraT,MitomoM,HirotsuruH.Fabricationofsiliconnitridenano2ceramicsbysparkplasmasintering[J].JMaterSciLett,1995,14(15):10461047.[4]AkiraK.Observationofsamplesinteringtemperaturebytheplasmaactivatedsintering(PAS)furnace[J].JMaterSciLett,1998,17(1):4951.[5].[M].:,1992:123140.GAOYi2pin.NewPowderMetallurgyTechnologySPS[M].Beijing:MetallurgicalIndustryPress,1992:123140.[6],.(SPS)[J].,1999,21(6):1517.ZHANGDong2ming,FUZheng2yi.Mechanismandapplicationofsparkplasmasinteringtechnology[J].JournalofWuHanUniversityTechnology,1999,21(6):1517.[7]WangYC,FuZY.Studyoftemperaturefieldinsparkplasmasintering[J].MaterialsScienceandEn2gineeringB,2002,90(1):3437.[8],,,.[J].,2001,11(5):796800.ZHANGJiu2xing,LIUKe2gao,WANGJin2shuetal.Microstructureandpropertyofmolybdenumpreparedbysparkplasmasintering[J].TheChineseJournalofNonferrousMetals,2001,11(5):796800.[9],.[J].,1997,12(2):129133.GAOLian,MiyamotoHiroki.Sparkplasmasinteringtechnology[J].JournalofInorganicMaterials,1997,12(2):129133.[10].BATiO3[D].:,1998:8592.YIWei2lin.InvestigationonPreparationandProper2tiesofNanoScaleBaTiO3[D].Doctorpsdegreethe2sis.ShanghaiInstituteofceramics,theChineseAcad2emyofSciences,1998:8592.[11],,.[J].,1998,13(6):904907.GAOLian,HONGJin2sheng,MiyamotoHiroki.MechanicalpropertiesandmicrostructureofAl2O3ceramicssuperfastdensificationbySPS[J].JournalofInorganicMaterials,1998,13(6):904907.[12]HongJS,GaoL,TorreSDDL,etal.sparkplasmasin2teringandmechanicalpropertiesofZrO2(Y2O3)2Al2O3composites[J].MaterLett,2000,43:2731.[13]LiW,CaoL.R