基于CMMI的软件项目过程管理方法改进

I摘要软件界多年的实践研究工作表明，一个软件组织或企业，只有在软件过程被有效管理与控制的情况下，才有可能在既定的预算费用及进度约束下，向客户交付高质量的软件产品。软件过程的相关理论方法与模型有很多，其中较为著名的模型是美国卡内基-梅隆大学软件工程研究所(CMU/SEI)研制并发布的一个标准模型：CMMI模型。本文是作者基于在一个实际的软件企业内，亲身参与到软件项目的过程改进实践工作中，来阐述实际企业内部是如何根据企业现存的一些问题，来进行软件过程的改进。本文所阐述的改进模型是CMMI-Dev(V1.2)模型，同时结合公司内现存的急需解决的重点问题，对目前公司内的项目过程管理流程进行优化与改进，以适应项目的实际需要、提高项目管理水平。主要研究与实现三方面的工作：建立适合于小型项目使用的一套过程管理体系；支持项目管理流程的子系统研究与实现；收集并分析汇总项目执行过程中产生的数据。通过以上过程改进工作的研究与实践，证明了在结合实践公司业务特点的同时，此过程改进的实践方法在实际的工程项目管理中具有一定的工程指导价值与参考作用。关键词：软件过程改进，CMMI，项目管理体系，软件过程管理AbstractIIABSTRACTManyyearssoftwareindustrypracticalresearchshowsthatansoftwareorganizationorenterprisecandeliverhigh-qualitysoftwareproductstoitscustomerswithestimatedcostandscheduleconstraintsonlywhensoftwareprocessiswellmanagedandcontrolled.Therearemanytheoriesandmodelsforthesoftwareprocess.Oneofthemorewell-knownmodelsistheCMMImodelwhichisdevelopedandpublishedbyCarnegie-MellonUniversitySoftwareEngineeringInstitute(CMU/SEI).Thispaperisbasedonanactualenterprisesoftwareprojecttoimprovethesoftwareprocess.Bytheprojectitwillbediscussedhowtoimprovethesoftwareprocessaccordingtotheexistingproblemsinthecompany.TheimprovedmodeldescribedinthispaperisamodeloftheCMMI-Dev(V1.2).Inthemeantimeitwillbediscussedhowtooptimizeandimprovetheprocessmanagementflowinthecompanyaccordingtothekeyissueswhichareurgenttobesolved.Thustheimprovedprocesscanbeusedtotheactualneedsoftheprojectandraisethelevelofprojectmanagement.Mainresearchworkinthreeareas:Establishasuitablesetofprocessmanagementsystemusedforsmallprojects,Researchandrealizesubsystemtosupporttheprojectmanagementprocess,Collect,analyzeandsummarizethedatageneratedintheprojectprocess.Bytheaboveimprovedprocessresearchandpractice,itcanprovetheprocessimprovementpracticehasengineeringguidancevalueandreferenceinrealengineeringprojectmanagementcombinedwiththecompanybusinesscharacter.Keywords:SoftwareProcessImprovement/CMMI/ProjectManagementSystem/SoftwareProcessManagement目录III目录第1章绪论·························································································11.1项目背景和研究意义·········································································································11.1.1项目背景···························································································································11.1.2研究意义···························································································································11.2国内外研究现状和发展趋势····························································································21.2.1软件的出现与软件工程的发展······················································································21.2.2软件过程管理理论的提出······························································································41.2.3国外软件过程改进工作的研究与发展现状·································································61.2.4国内软件过程改进工作的研究与发展现状·······························································101.3本文的主要工作·················································································································121.4论文的组织结构·················································································································131.5本章小结·······························································································································13第2章CMMI模型介绍································································································142.1CMMI模型概述····················································································································142.1.1CMMI模型组件················································································································152.1.2CMMI实施方法················································································································162.1.3CMMI评估方法················································································································172.2CMMI模型表示方式··········································································································182.2.1连续式表示方式·············································································································182.2.2阶段式表示方式·············································································································202.2.3两种表示法的区别········································································································222.3本章小结·······························································································································22第3章过程管理现状和实施问题分析····························································243.1公司情况介绍······················································································································243.2过程管理现状及实施问题······························································································243.2.1质量管理体系执行问题································································································243.2.2人员管理意识薄弱问题·····························