Lesson-14-International-Transportation解读

Lesson14InternationalTransportation中国市场上的外国四大快递公司BusinessKnowledge:•(1)Definitionoftransportationandfreighttransportation•(2)Thefivemajormodesoftransportation•(3)Threetypesofcarrierownership•A.Commoncarriers•B.Contractcarriers•C.Privatecarriers•(4)Importance,roleandcontributionoftransportation•(5)Thefourfactorsthataresubstantiallychangingtransportation•A.Transportationderegulation•B.Just-in-timeinventorysystems•C.Competitionbasedonhighlevelsofcustomerservice•D.Globalizationofbusiness•Transportationisfundamentaltothedevelopmentandoperationofanindustrialsociety.Itpermitsthespecializationofworkeffortnecessarytoachieveefficiencyandproductivity.Geographicallydistantresourcesbecomeaccessiblewithtransportation.Theeconomicgrowthofanysocietyinanypartoftheworldisdirectlyrelatedtotheavailabilityoftransportation.Asocietywithoutanadvancedtransportationsystemremainsprimitive.•Fundamental:servingasanessentialcomponent;beingorinvolvingbasicfactsorprinciples•adj.基本的，根本的•fundamentalprinciple基本原则•fundamentalchange根本变化•fundamentalresearch基础研究•fundamentallaw基本法；基本定律•我们应把注意力集中在这个基本问题。•Weshoulddirectourattentionatthefundamentalquestion.•这个决定反映了广大人民的根本利益•Thisdecisionrepresentsthefundamentalinterestsofthepeople.•Efficiency:skillfulnessinavoidingwastedtimeandeffort;theratiooftheoutputtotheinputofanysystem•n.效率；效能；功效•highefficiency高效率•productionefficiency生产效率•workefficiency工作效率；劳动效率；加工效率•economicefficiency经济效率•energyefficiency能源效率；能量效率•生产效率受到破旧机器的影响而无法提高。•Theproductionefficiencyislamedbytheoldmachines.•Primitive:belongingtoanearlystageoftechnicaldevelopment;characterizedbysimplicityand(often)crudeness;littleevolvedfromorcharacteristicofanearlierancestraltype;oforcreatedbyonewithoutformaltraining;simpleornaiveinstyle•adj.原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的•primitivereligion原始宗教•primitivepeople原始人；原始民族•primitiveculture原始文明•primitivetype原始类型；原语类型•primitiveaccumulationofcapital原始资本积累•原始部落靠渔猎采集为生。•Primitivetribeslivedbyfishing,huntingandgathering.•Inabroadsense,transportationisdefinedasthemovementoffreightandpassengersfromonelocationtoanother.Theimportantcommonelementinanydefinitionoftransportation,however,ismovement:changingthephysicallocationoffreightorpassengers.Productsmustbemovedtothelocationwheretheyareneededandwanted,suchasgroceriesmovedtoasupermarket.You,inturn,mustusesomeformofmovementtogettothesupermarkettobuythegroceriesyouwantandneed.•Inabroadsense:inageneralwayinwhichaword,sentence,etc.istobeunderstood•从广义上讲•在广意上讲，心理健康问题仍然是一个首要问题。•Mentalhealthissuesinabroadsensecertainlyremainaprimaryissue.•广义上说，任何人作的工作都对社会有益。•Inabroadsense,whatanyonedoesisbeneficialtothesociety.•Grocery:amarketplacewheregroceriesaresold;(usuallyplural)consumergoodssoldbyagrocer•n.食品杂货店•食品杂货店被刷成红黄相间的颜色。•Thegrocerywaslacedwithredandyellow.•小时候，我和姐姐妹妹常喜欢和妈妈一起去食品杂货店购物。•MysistersandIlovedtogogroceryshoppingwithourmotherwhenwewerelittle.•Inaformalsense,freighttransportationisdefinedastheeconomicmovementofcommoditiesandproductsandtheeffectofsuchmovementonthedevelopmentandadvancementofbusiness.•Thefreightsystemincludesseveraldistinctformsoftransportation,calledmodes.Themodesdifferintermsofoperatingcharacteristicsandcapabilities,givingthemcomparativeadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thefivemajormodesarewater,rail,truck,pipeline,andair.Eachmodeenjoys（whatmightbecalled）naturalproductprovinces(自然产品领域).Forexample,watertransportationisusuallyusedtomovegoodsoflow-value,andinlargequantity.Lowvaluereducesthetransportationurgency,andthelargequantityisespeciallysuitedforthevolumeloadingandunloadingmachineryusedatdockside.•Distinct:easytoperceive;especiallyclearlyoutlined;(oftenfollowedby`from')notalike;differentinnatureorquality;constitutingaseparateentityorpart;clearlyorsharplydefinedtothemind;recognizable;marked•adj.明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的•这里有一个明显的不同。•Herethereisadistinctdifference.•它是一个持续的、独特的领域，但也和我先前所做的工作有关•Ongoing,distinctandyetcomingfromtheoneIwasworkingonearlier.•urgency:thestateofbeingurgent;anearnestandinsistentnecessity;pressingimportancerequiringspeedyaction;anurgentsituationcallingforpromptaction;insistentsolicitationandentreaty•n.紧急；催促；紧急的事•一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。•Incaseofurgency,callthepolice.•我欣赏这种紧迫的感觉因为我自己就能体会到。•IappreciatethesenseofurgencybecauseIfeelitmyself.•Allthemodesandtheirrepresentativecarriers(代表性的运载工具)playimportantrolesintheoveralltransportationsystem.•Threetypesofcarrierownershiparelegalformsoftransportation:•(1)commoncarriers,•(2)contractcarriers,and•(3)privatecarriers(自有承运人).•Commoncarrier公共承运人:•Itisprivatelyorpubliclyownedcompaniescommittedtoperformingamovementserviceofthesamequalityforallshippersonanequalbasisandwithoutdiscrimination.•Contractcarrier契约承运人:•Individualcontractsmaybearrangedbetweentransportationusersandcarriers(thetransportationcompany).•Commoncarriersareprivatelyorpubliclyownedcompanies(committedto)performing(providing)amovementserviceofthesamequalityforallshippersonanequalbasis(andwithoutdiscrimination).•Individualcontractsmaybearranged(signed)betweentransportationusers(shippers)andcarriers.Withtheformalagreement(contract),thetransportationcompanybecomesacontractcarrie