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当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 国内外标准规范 > 渐开线齿轮参数测量(实验)
1实验四渐开线齿轮参数测量实验一、实验目的1、掌握用游标卡尺测定渐开线直齿轮基本参数的方法;2、进一步熟悉齿轮的各部分尺寸、参数关系及渐开线的性质。二、实验预习的内容1、渐开线的形成及特性;2、齿轮的各部分名称、基本参数和尺寸计算。三、实验设备和工具1、被测齿轮;2、游标卡尺;3、计算器。四、原理和方法本实验要测定和计算的渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的基本参数有:齿数z、模数m、分度圆压力角α、齿顶高系数h*、径向间隙系数c*、和变位系数x等。1、确定模数m(或径节Dp)和压力角α要确定m和α,首先应测出基圆齿距pb,因渐开线的法线切于基圆,故由图4-1可知,基圆切线与齿廓垂直。因此,用游标卡尺跨过k个齿,测的齿廓间的公法线距离为wk毫米,再跨过k+1个齿,测的齿廓间的公法线距离为wk+1毫米。为保证卡尺的两个卡爪与齿廓的渐开线部分相切,跨齿数k应根据被测齿轮的齿数参考表4-1决定。表4-1齿数与跨齿数的对应关系Z12~1819~2728~3637~4546~5455~6364~7273~81K23456789图4-1齿轮参数测定原理由渐开线的性质可知,齿廓间的公法线AB与所对应的基圆上圆弧ab长度2相等,因此得(1)kbbwkps同理1kbbwkps消去bs,则基圆齿距为1bkkpww根据所测得的基圆齿距pb,查表4—4可得出相应的m(或Dp)和α。因为cosbpm,且式中m和α都已标准化,所以可查出其相应的的模数m和压力角α。2、确定变位系数x要确定齿轮是标准齿轮还是变位齿轮,就要确定齿轮的变位系数,因此,应按测得的数据代入下列公式计算出基圆齿厚bs1111()(1)bkbkkkkkswkpwkwwkwkw得到bs后,则可利用基圆齿厚公式推导出变位系数x,因为,2cos(2)2cos2(2)coscos2bbbbbrssrinvrrmsxmtgrinvrsxtgmmzinv由此cos22bszinvmxtg式中invtg,α为弧度。3、确定齿顶高系数h*a和径向间隙系数c*当被测齿轮的齿数为偶数时,可用卡尺直接测得齿顶圆直径da及齿根圆直径df。如果被测齿轮齿数为奇数时,则应先测量出齿轮轴孔直径d孔,然后再测量孔到齿顶的距离H顶和轴孔到齿根的距离H根。如图4-2所示,可得:图4-2单齿数测量方法322afddHddH孔顶孔根又因为***222aaadmzhmxmhhmcm由此推导出h*a及c*得***1(2)22aaadhzxmhchm五、实验步骤1、直接数出被测齿轮的齿数z2、测量wk、wk+1及da和df,每个尺寸应测量三次,分别填入表4-2和表4-3表4-2公法线测量数据齿轮号数No:齿轮齿数Z=35第一次第二次第三次平均值Wk11.9mm12.2mm11.46mm11.85mmWk+119.30mm19.36mm19.34mm19.33mm表4-3偶数齿齿轮齿顶圆直径和齿根圆直径的测量数据偶数齿齿轮Z=28测量序号齿顶圆直径da齿根圆直径df185.70mm74.92mm285.70mm74.82mm385.70mm74.90mm平均值85.70mm74.88mm续表4-3奇数齿齿轮齿顶圆直径和齿根圆直径的测量数据奇数齿齿轮Z=35齿顶圆直径da齿根圆直径df测量序号d孔H顶da=d孔+2H顶d孔H根df=d孔+2H根143.84mm24.52mm92.88mm43.84mm21.19mm86.22mm243.94mm24.52mm92.98mm43.94mm21.16mm86.26mm343.80mm24.12mm92.04mm43.80mm21.18mm86.16mm4平均值43.86mm24.39mm92.64mm43.86mm21.18mm86.22mm六、实验报告内容1、实验目的;2、被测齿轮的已知参数和测量数据;3、齿轮参数及尺寸计算(1)基节pb=wk+1-wk,并由pb值查表4-4,确定m、α。mm7.48w-wpk1kb由pb值查表4-4得m=2.5o20K=4(2)基圆齿厚sb=kwk-(k-1)wk+1。4.377.48*2-33.19kp-wsb1kb(3)变位系数cos22bszinvmxtg50.01488199920otginvinvoobtgzinvtgzinvmS20220-2-20cos*5.24.3722cosxo26.0-0.727540.52-1.57-2.34938337.4x6(4)分度圆齿厚(2)2sxtgm3.45)2022(mxtgso(5)齿全高2afddh21.3222.8664.922faddh(6)齿顶高系数*1(2)2aadhzxm2.1)-0.26*2355.264.92(21)2(21*xzmdhaa(8)径向间隙系数**2ahchm11.12.1*25.221.3*2**ahmhc4、试分析影响测量精度的因素。表4-4基圆齿距Pb=πmcosα的数值模数径节Pb=πmcosαmDpα=22.5oα=20oα=15oα=14.5o125.4002.9022.9523.0533.0411.2520.3203.6823.6903.7933.8171.516.9334.3544.4284.5524.6251.7514.5145.0795.1665.3105.323212.7005.8055.9046.0966.0802.2511.2896.5306.6426.8286.84372.510.1607.2567.3807.5867.6042.759.2367.9828.1188.3458.36338.4678.7078.8569.1049.1253.257.8159.4339.5949.8629.8853.57.25710.15910.33210.62110.6453.756.77310.88411.07111.37911.40646.35011.61011.80812.13812.1664.55.64413.06113.28513.65513.68755.08014.51214.76115.17315.2085.54.61815.96316.23716.69016.72864.23317.41517.73118.20718.2496.53.90718.88619.18919.72419.77073.62920.31720.66521.24221.29183.17523.22023.61724.27624.33292.82226.12226.56927.31127.374102.54029.02429.52130.34530.415112.30931.92732.47333.38033.457122.11734.82935.42636.41436.498131.95437.73238.37839.44939.540141.81440.63441.33042.48442.518151.69343.53744.28245.51845.632161.58846.43947.23448.55348.665181.41152.24453.13854.62254.748201.27058.04959.04360.69160.831221.15563.85464.94766.76066.914251.01672.56173.80375.86476.038280.90781.27882.66084.96885.162300.84787.07088.56491.04091.250330.77095.78797.419100.140100.371360.651104.487106.278109.242109.494400.635116.098118.086121.380121.660450.564130.610132.850136.550136.870500.508145.120147.610151.73152.0808思考题:齿轮的那些误差会影响到本实验的测量精度?一.测量误差。我们测的时候测得方式不正确会有一定的误差,即测量方式不是很正确。测量仪器本来自身有误差。二.齿轮本身的误差。齿轮经过磨损等自身有误差存在。
本文标题:渐开线齿轮参数测量(实验)
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