2-3 Subject-verb concord

LectureTwoSubject–verbConcordTeachingaimsThreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord;DifferentproblemsofconcordTheapplicationofthethreeprinciples.LikePeasinaPodRomeoandJulietSpaghettiandmeatballsPeanutbutterandjellyThebirdsandthebeesWhatisagreement/concord?•Subjectsmustagreewithverbs;•Theymustagreeinnumber(singularvs.plural)inperson(first,second,orthirdperson).ThismatchingofsentenceelementsiscalledagreementContents1Guidingprinciples;2Problemsofconcordwith2.1Nounsendingin–s;2.2Collectivenounsassubject;2.3Acoordinatesubject;2.4Expressionsofquantityassubject;3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord;GuidingPrinciplesThreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord:1)Grammaticalconcord2)Notionalconcord3)Proximity1)GrammaticalconcordBothboyshavetheirownmerits.Everygirlcomesontime.Mucheffortiswasted.Theverbmustmatchitssubjectinnumber:ASingularSubjectMustHaveaSingularVerb.APluralSubjectMustHaveaPluralVerb2)NotionalconcordThegovernmenthaveaskedthecountrytodecidebyavote.Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.Theverbcansometimesagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofnumber.3)ProximityEithermybrothersormyfatheriscoming.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.NeitherJulianorIamgoing.Theverbagreeswithacloselyprecedingnounphraseinthesubject.Contents1Guidingprinciples;2Problemsofconcordwith2.1Nounsendingin–s;2.2Collectivenounsassubject;2.3Acoordinatesubject;2.4Expressionsofquantityassubject;3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord;2.1Nounsendingin–s;1)Diseaseandgamenamesendingin–s2)Subjectnamesendingin–ics3)Geographicalnamesendingsin–s4)Othernounsendingin-s1)Diseaseandgamenamesendingin–sarthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis(支气管炎)，rickets(软骨病)，mumps(腮腺炎)，diabetes(糖尿病),etc.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.Ricketsis/arecausedbymalnutrition.Dartsisessentiallyafreeandeasygame.Cardsarenotallowedhere.2)Subjectnamesendingin–icsphysics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、optics(光学)、acoustics(声学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)、athletics(体育学)、tactics(兵法),etcMathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.Mymathematicsis/arerathershaky.Athleticshavebeengreatlypromotedatthiscollege.3)Geographicalnamesendingsin–stheUnitedStates(美国)，theUnitedNations(联合国)，theNetherlands(荷兰),etcTheUnitedStatesisacountryofpeoplewithvariedorigins.TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife.4)Othernounsendingin-sscissors（剪子），pincers（钳子），glasses（眼镜），shorts（短裤）,etc.Joe’snewtrousersareblackandwhite.Onepairofscissorsisn’tenough.archives（档案）,arms（武器）,clothes（衣服）,contents（内容，目录）,eaves（屋檐）,fireworks（烟火）,goods（货物）,minutes（记录）,morals（道德，品行）,etc.Thenounsabovecanbetreatedeitheraspluralorsingular-ings:clippings（剪下来的东西）,diggings（掘出的东西）,earnings（收入）,lodgings（租住的房间）,surroundings（环境）,etc.Thenounsabovearegenerallyusedasplural.Nounswhosesingularandpluralnumbversharethesameform.barracks（营房）,headquarters（总部）,means（方法，手段）,series（系列）,species（种类）,etc.Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms.Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.Contents1Guidingprinciples;2Problemsofconcordwith2.1Nounsendingin–s;2.2Collectivenounsassubject;2.3Acoordinatesubject;2.4Expressionsofquantityassubject;3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord;2.2Collectivenounsassubject;1)CNusedaspluralpolice,people,cattle,poultry,verminDomesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.2)CNusedassingular(uncountablenoun)foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandiseAllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.3)CNusedeitheraspluralorassingularaudience,committee,class,crew,family,government,publicTheanti-crimecommitteemakesitsreporttomorrow.Thatgroupofsoldiersisatop-notchfightingunit.Thatgroupofsoldiershavethebestratingsofindividualperformance.4)Acommittee,etc.of＋pluralnounTheverbusuallytakessingularform.Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.Theboardofdirectorsisresponsibleforthemanagementofthefirm.Contents1Guidingprinciples;2Problemsofconcordwith2.1Nounsendingin–s;2.2Collectivenounsassubject;2.3Acoordinatesubject;2.4Expressionsofquantityassubject;3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord;2.3Acoordinatesubject1)“and”or”both...and”ThefishingandthehuntinginArizonaweregoodthatyear.Hamandeggisagoodbreakfast.有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，动词则用复数。WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every,或manya等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlinthisroomisentitledtoacopy.Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.2)“or/nor/either...or”Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecalling.NeithertheKansasplayersnorthecoachwasoverconfident.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenchanged.3)Subject+asmuchas/aswellasConcorddeterminedbysubjectasmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthanaswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,exceptSomeoftheworkersasmuchasthemanagerwereresponsiblefortheloss.Hisbrotherratherthanhisparentsistoblame.Mywife,morethananyoneelseinthefamily,isanxioustogothereagain.Thefather,aswellashissons,isgoingtoenroll.Thetruckalongwithallitscontentswasdestroyed.Nooneexcepttwogirlswaslatefordinner.Contents