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翻译:1、GISisasystemofhardware,softwareaadprocedurestofacilitatethemanipulation,analysis,modeling,representationanddisplayofgeo—referencedcomplexproblemsregardingplanningandmanagementofresollrces,翻译:gis是一个由硬件、软件和程序组成的系统,便于管理、处理、分析、模拟、表现并显示地理参照数据,从而解决规划和资源管理的复杂问题。2、GIStechnology,integratescommondatabaseoperationssuchasqueryandstatisticalanalysiswiththeuniquevisualizationandgeographicalanalysisbenefitsofferedbymaps.TheseabilitiesdistinguishGISfromotherinformationsystemsandmakeitvaluabletoawiderangeofpublicandprivateenterprisesforexplainingevents,predictingoutcomes,andplanningstrategies(ESRI).翻译:地理信息系统技术将诸如查询和统计分析的常见的数据库操作和地图特有的可视化功能和地理分析优势集成起来。这些功能是区分地理信息系统和其他信息系统的关键,并且对于众多的公共和私营企业用于事件解析,结果预测和战略规划十分有价值(ESEI)。3、Projectionisafundamentalcomponentofmapmaking.Aprojectionisamathematicalmeansoftransferringinformationfromtheearth’sthree—dimensional,curvedsurfacetoatwodimensionalmedium--paperoracomputerscreen.Mathematicallyspeaking,mapprojectionsaretransformationsofgeographiccoordinates(1atitude,longitude)intotheCartesian(x,y)coordinatespaceofthemap.翻译:投影是地图制作的一个基本要素,同时也是将信息从地球的三维曲面上传递到纸张或电脑屏幕二维介质上的一种数学手段。从数学上来讲,地图投影就是将地理坐标(纬度,经度)转换为地图的笛卡儿空间坐标(x,Y)。4、Arasterbasedsystemdisplays,locates,andstoresgraphicaldatabyusingamatrixorgTidofcellssuchassquares,triangular,orhexagonalcells,orevenirregulartrianglesorpolygons,whicharetessellatedtoformgeographicalrepresentations.翻译:基于栅格数据的系统采用栅格单元有正方形、三角形或六角形形成了地理表征。栅格矩阵或栅格单元显示、定位存储地理数据,这些,甚至不规则三角形或多边形,这些单元嵌合在一起形成了地理表征。5、Avectorbasedsystemdisplaysgraphicaldataaspoints,linesorcurves,orareaswithattributes.Cartesiancoordinates(i.e.xandY)andcomputationalalgorithmsofthecoordinatesdefinepointsinavectorsystem.Linesorarcsareaseriesoforderedpoints.Areasorpolygonsarealsostoredasorderedlistsofpoints,butbymakingthebeginningandendpointsthesamenodetheshapeisclosedanddefined.翻译:基于矢量数据的系统用点、线或曲线、面及其属性显示图形数据。笛卡儿坐标(即光和Y)和坐标计算算法确定矢量系统中的点、线或弧段是一系列有序点。面或多边形也是用一系列有序点储存的,但是起始节点和结束节点相同以闭合和确定图形。6、Geo-referencingdescribestheprocessoflocatinganentityin“realworld”coordinates,establishingarelationbetweenrasterorvectorimagestomapprojectionsorcoordinatesystems.翻译:空间参照描述了定位实体在“真实世界”的坐标及确立栅格或矢量影像与地图投影或坐标系统关系的过程。7、Mapprojectionsaresystematictransformationsthatallowtheorderlyrepresentationoftheearth’Ssphericalgratieuleonaflatmap.Mathematicallyspeaking,mapprojectionsaretransformationsofgeographicalcoordinates(1atitudelongitude)intotheCartesian(x,Y)co—ordinatespaceofthemap.翻译:地图投影是一种系统转换,即将地球球面上的方格网有序地表示在平面地图上。从数学上来讲,地图投影是地理坐标(纬度,经度)到地图笛卡儿(x,Y)坐标空间的转换。8、firstofall,weneedtodemonstratemoreconvincinglythatexistingspatialanalysistechniquescanbeusedtoaddressimportantsubstantiveproblemsofinteresttoGISpractitionerandthatsuchtechniquesarecapableofprovidingmeaningfulinsightwhichcan`tbeobtainedotherwise.翻译:首先,我们需要更有说服力的证据来证明现有的空间分析技术可用解决GIS从业者感兴趣的重要的实质性问题,并且这些技术可提供其他方式所不能提供有意义的方案。9、today,aGIScanbedefinedasacomputingapplicationcapableofcreatingstrongermanipulatingvisualizingandanalyzinggeographicinformationitfinds.itstrongestapplicationsinresourcesmanagementutilitiesmanagementtelecommunicationswhomandregionalplanningvehicleroutingandparceldeliveryandinallofthesciencesthatdealwiththesurfaceoftheearth.翻译:今天地理信息系统可以被定义为一个集创造、存储、操作、可视化和分析地理信息的计算机应用程序。它广泛的被应用于资源管理、公共事业管理、电信城市区域规划的工具。路由及包裹计价和在所有的处理地地球表所有事物的科学。10、书信格式:Mr.StevePincusHumanRelationsWinfieldMedical100MainStreetWinfield,FL09876DearMr.Pincus:正文Hireme.SincerelyJohnApgood(555)456-789HomePhone(555)765-4321WorkPhoneMethodAdvantagesDisadvantagesRaster1、Simpledatastructure2、Compatiblewithremotelysensedorscanneddata3、simplespatialanalysisprocedures1、Requiresgreaterstoragespaceoncomputer2、Dependingonpixelsize,graphicaloutputmaybelesspleasing3、Projectiontransformationsaremoredifficult4、MoredifficulttorepresenttopologicalrelationshipsVector1、Requireslessdiskstoragespace2、Topologicalrelationshipsarereadilymaintained3、Graphicaloutputmorecloselyresembleshand—drawnmaps1、Morecomplexdatastructure2、Notascompatiblewithremotelysenseddata3、Softwareandhardwareareoftenmoreexpensive4、Somespatialanalysisproceduresmaybemoredifficult5、Overlayingmultiplevectormapsisoftentimeconsumingalbersequal—areaconicprojection阿尔伯斯等积圆锥投影Cartesiancoordinates笛卡儿坐标continuousfields连续字段coordinatesystems坐标系统datacapture数据获取dataintegration数据集成dataoutput数据输出datastructures数据结构datum基准面developableSulfate投影面digitalelevationmodels(DEM)数字地面模digitalterrainmodel(DTM)数字高程模型discreteobjects离散对象ellipsoid椭球体exhaustiveenumeration穷举法geodesy大地测量学geoids大地水准面geo—referenceddata地理参照数据geo—referencing空间参照gnomonicprojection心射切面投影gravity万有引力hierarchicalfile层次文件informationretrieval信息检索Lambertazimuthallyequal—areaprojection朗伯等积方位投影mapprojections地图投影networkanalysis网络分析orthographicprojections正射投影overlay叠置polarcoordinate极坐标projectionandregistration投影与匹配rasterdata格数据relationalfile关系文件run—lengthencoding行程长度编码spatialdatamodel空间数据模型topologicalmodeling拓扑建模vectordata矢量数据Addressmatching地址匹配Annotationfeature注释要素Associatedattribute关联属性Attribute属性Basemap底图Buffer缓冲区Cartography绘图Cartology地图学Census人口统计Centralprojection中心投影Cigitization数字化Contourline等高线Convert转换Coordinates坐标
本文标题:地理信息专业英语复习资料
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