定语从句课件

TheAttributiveClause定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that，asWhere,when,why关系词作用1.代替先行词;2.２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主格宾格所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhichwho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.Thewomanwhom/whotheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语关系代词3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。指物时常可用ofwhich取代。Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisamayor.我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。Welivedinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。Don'tgettooclosetothehousewhoseroofisunderrepair不要靠近屋顶在修理的房子that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)用that、which、who、whom、whose填空并指出它在句中的作用。1、DoyouknowMrWang____sonisstudyinginNo3middleschool.2、Theboy___shirtisyellowisfromNewYork.3Thestudentsyouteacharenowhavingthemusicclass4、Shewrotesomebooks___sellwell.5、Wearegoingtolookforawoman___canmendshoes.6、Theboy___wesawlastnightwasMike.7、Afriendhelpsyouintimeofneedisareadfriend8Doyoulikethegirlsmileissweet9Wouldyoupleaselendmethebikeyouhavejustbought10Thesingeryoulikebestiscomingtoourcitynextmonth11Thewomanumbrellayoutookisveryangryaboutit12Didyoufindthepen___yoursisterboughtyouforyourbirthday?13Thenumberofpeople____losthomesreachedasmanyas250000.14HeismyfriendImetsixyearsago15Hereistheladywearelookingfor“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelivesinisfaraway.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor.Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.练习：Arethesesentencesright?(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Theman(who/that)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(3)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(3)根据定语从句的意义来决定WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.3.介词的选用原则：一先，二动，三意义(1)根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.Thethingabout/ofwhichMr.Smithwasnotsurewastheyoungman’shonesty.用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1.Idisagreewiththefacts______whichyourargumentisbased.2.Thesong,______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3.Thisisthereason______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.4.Iwillneverforgettheway______whichmyteachertaughtme.5.Thisisthehero______whomweareproud.oninforinof6.Iwanttofindtheverypen______whichIwrotethatletter.7.Theyarethestudents______whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.8.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends______whomyo