GPS的发展历史

技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,GPS发展简史2000年美国取消了对GPS卫星民用信道的SA干扰信号，民用GPS的定位精度达到平均6.2米的实用化水平，从而掀起GPS产业和应用热潮。随着GPS卫星的现代化，定位精度的提高，实时高速定位能力和抗干扰能力的增强，美军开始在越来越多的领域使用GPS制导武器。长期以来，判别敌我位置就是各国军队迫切渴求的能力。在古代即使是绘制粗糙的地图也是将领们的无价之宝，到了近代出现了绘制等高线经纬度的高精度地图，随着1957年苏联Sputnik-1人造卫星发射成功，人类的眼光又投向了天际。1958年，美国海军开始研制子午仪卫星定位系统，1960年开始发射卫星并于1964年正式投入使用。尽管这个为核潜艇开发的定位系统具有诸多弊端，如无法确定高度信息，定位时间长，无法连续导航，无法提供高度信息，难于修正电离层延迟误差等，但对比传统定位方式已经是一场革命了。美国海军对此不足提出了Timation计划，试验了星载原子钟，Timation计划为海军舰艇尤其是核潜艇提供低动态的2维定位服务；同期美国空军提出了621B计划，使用伪随机码为基础的测距原理，621B计划为空军提供高动态3维服务。1973年美国国防部将海空军的方案合二为一，建立国防导航卫星系统(DNSS)，这是现有GPS正式的源头。此后不久，DNSS改名为Navstar，即授时和测距导航卫星或者说是全球定位系统(NavigationSignalTimingandRanging/GlobalPositioningSystem)，后来简称GPS。但是授时功能始终是GPS的核心功能之一，这也是从CDMA通信到电力系统都大量采用GPS的重要原因。GPS的测试阶段最初的GPS计划将24颗卫星分置于夹角120°的三个轨道面上，每个轨道面上8颗卫星，这样的轨道设置保证地球上任一点能观测到6~9颗卫星，从而实现足够的定位精度。GPS从1978年到1985年，从范登堡空军基地用AtlasF火箭发射11颗BlockI批次的试验卫星，其中发射失败1颗，这个阶段验证了地面接收机，地面跟踪网络和GPS卫星的定位能力的可靠性，其结果令人满意。降低民用精度的SA技术1983年韩国007号客机导航系统故障误入苏联领空被击落后，美国总统里根宣布一旦GPS建成将开放给公众使用，从而开启GPS民用的大门。GPS卫星将发射两种不同的测距码，即军用的P码和民用的C/A码，分别对应精密定位服务(PPS)和标准定位服务(SPS)。由于C/A码无法用双频技术消除电离层折射影响，美国技术人员预测定位精度会在百米级别。不过测试表明C/A码定位精度远高于技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-Easte