被动语态：包括动词不定式2

Thepassivevoice——todoPart2——WhenWillthetrainstayatthestationtoday?——Fromtwototwototwotwo.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓目的状语主语谓语（宾语）定语....de状语补语（主语，宾语)请用动词不定式的形式翻译所给句子1.很难知道未来是什么样子。2.为了通过考试，我们得努力学习。3.请提醒我关门。4.我发现在三个小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。5.下一班要来的火车是来自瑞士的。6.对敌人善良就是对人民残忍。课后习题Itisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.Wemustworkhardinordertopasstheexam.Pleaseremindmetoclosethedoor.Ifinditimpossibletofinishthetaskinthreehours.ThenexttraintoarriveisfromSwitzerland.Tobekindtoenemyistobecrueltothepeople.主语状语宾补宾语定语表语表示将来以谓语为准主动形式被动形式例句一般式（后发生）（not）todo（not）tobedoneIwanttohangout.完成式（先发生）（not）tohavedone（not）tohavebeendoneHeissaidtohavehungout.（进行式）正在发生（not）tobedoing无Heissaidtobehungingout.动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.时态语态动词不定式时态的用法1.不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，用一般式todo1)Hewanted___________(see)you.2)Ihope___________(see)youagain.toseetoseetobereadingbewriting3.不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成式tohavedoneHeissaid_________________(write)anovellastyear.tohavewritten2.不定式的动作正在进行时或与谓语动作同时发生，用进行式tobedoing1）WhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.2）Heissaidto___________(write)anovelnow.IaskedJack_______（buy）meanicecream.tobuyHepretends___________(listen)carefully.tobelisteningSheseems____________(explore)ontheAmazonRiver.tohaveexplored完成进行式tohavebeendoing它表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作。Sheissaid________________(study)inHarvardforseveralmonths.tohavebeenstudying比较时态差异Iamhappytoseeyou.Iamhappytohaveseenyou.比较时态差异Iamsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforalongtime.动词不定式被动形式的用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时（即逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态。一般被动式tobedoneJanehates________________(laugh)atbyherfriends.tobelaughed完成被动式tohavebeendoneHeappears________________(tell)ashockingnews.tohavebeentold练习1.Thebookissaid_________________________(translate)intoEnglish.tohavebeentranslated2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_____________(hold)tomorrow.tobeheld3.Heclaimed____________________________(badlytreat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.tohavebeenbadlytreated4.Sheseatedherselfatasmalltable,waiting____________(serve).tobeserved一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成进行式tohavebeendoing一般被动式tobedone完成被动式tohavebeendonePart3Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.It'sadifficultquestiontoanswer.Ithinkitverydifficulttoanswer.difficult表语Tip1:sth+adj.+todosth当表示人或物的性质和特征的形容词作表语，定语或补语时，后面的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。Thesebooksseemtooheavytocarry.tocarryThebookischeapenoughtobuy.tobuyThesebooksseemtooheavytocarry.Thebookischeapenoughtobuy.too+adj.+todoadj.+enough+todoTip2:too...to/enough...to这两个句型结构中的不定式可以用主动形式表示被动意义。Ihavealotthingstodo.动宾关系todoI主谓关系sb.havesth.todo某人有某事要做Tip3:★当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。——Doyouhaveanythingmoretobetyped,sir?——No,youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.tobetypedgivesb.todosthwith+n/prep.+todosthpleasegivemesomethingtoeat.toeatWithseveralcountries'affairstointererein,XiDadawasovertired.tointerfereinThereisnothingtodonow.=Wehavenothingtodonow.我们现在没有事情要做了。强调人没事做Thereisnothingtobedone.=Wecandonothingnow.我们现在没有办法了。强调事，无计可施Tip4:therebe+n.+todo用来修饰主语的不定式，既可以用主动形式作定语，强调人。又可以用被动形式作定语，强调物。Themotherdidn'tknowwhotoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedshewasout.Tip5:一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，常用的动词有tolet(出租），torent，tohire，toblametoblameforsth.needdoing=sth.needtobedonesth.wantdoing=sth.wanttobedoneYourhairneedscutting.=Yourhairneedstobecut.翻译：你的头发要去理一理了。Tip6:want/need+v.-ing表示”主语承受动词发出的动作，表示被动意义Tip1:sth+adj.+todosthTip2:too...to/enough...toTip3:当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时Tip4:therebe+n.+todoTip5:一些作表语用的不定式,如toblame动词不定式主动表被动Tip6:表示主语承受动作发出的词