高二英语动词不定式的用法

高中英语同步辅导Book2AUnit1动词不定式的用法现行人教版教材1.动词不定式的用法1.作主语2.作宾语3.作定语4.作表语5.作宾补6.作状语动词不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态3.巩固练习1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.Tomakeaplanforourstudyisveryimportant.1.动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itisimportanttomakeaplanforourstudy.Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.2.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列及物动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。Ihavelearnedtodrivethecar.Hepromisedtocomebuthehasn’tturnupyet.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercameintohisroom.TheboysarelongingtowatchtheWorldCup.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等trytodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试一试，试试看Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.Trytogetthereontime.meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Iwon’twaitifitmeansdelayingaweek.Imeanttohelpyou,butIwasbusyatthatmoment.forgettodosth.忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事IforgettellingheraboutitIforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.remembertodosth.记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.stoptodosth.停下来去做某事（表目的）stopdoingsth.停止做某事（作宾语）IsuggestweshouldstoptohavearestThestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.接着做同一件事Afterashortrest,theywentondoingthework.Afterfinishingthehomework,thestudentswentouttoplayfootball.regrettodosth.遗憾地做某事regretdoingsth.后悔作了某事Iregrettosaythatyouhaven’tpassedtheexam.Iregrethavingtoldhimaboutit动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式常放在系动词（be动词）后作表语，有时也放在其他少数连系动词如：remain,seem,sound等后。当表语是动词不定式时，作主语的谓语动词也只能是动词不定式，即主语和表语结构要一致或对称。Hisplanistospendafewdaysinthecountryside.Heappearstohavecaughtcold.Toseeistobelieve当表语是动词不定式时，作主语的谓语动词也只能是动词不定式，即主语和表语结构要一致或对称。当主语部分有动词实义do的某个形式时，做表语的动词不定式可以省略to。Theonlythingwecandoiswaittillhecomesback.5.动词不定式作宾补常要求跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：（1）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等You’dbettergetTomtodoit.Shedoesn’tallowmetousehercomputer.Theteachertoldhimnottobelateagain.Heinvitedustoattendhisbirthdayparty.（2）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带to的形式作主语补语。（3）有的动词后可以跟tobe形式作宾补，而不是todo作宾补。如：think,consider,suppose,believe,imagine,find,prove等Wefindhim(tobe)honest.Iconsiderhim(tobe)mybestfriend.Isupposehim(tobe)aboutfifty.6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。Igotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.(作目的状语）TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldpractiseitwheneverpossible.(作目的状语）Hewepttohearthenews.(作原因状语）Iamgladtoseeyouhere.(作原因状语）Hehurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditclosed.(结果状语）Theboyistooyoungtodresshimself.（同上）当too…to…结构中的不定式前有形容词nervous,pleased,willing,happy,delighted,glad等时，to后面译作肯定。Theyaretoonervoustoleave.当too前有only时，onlytoo…to…译作肯定。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.动词不定式的时态和语态1.动词不定式的一般式（todo）用于表示不定时所表示的动作与句子谓语动词几乎同时发生火灾气候发生。Ｉsawherentertheroom.Ihavesomeimportantnewstotellyou.2.动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，和句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercameintohisroom.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver3.动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作前。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Ihappenedtohavereadthebookbefore.巩固练习1.Severalofthesewashesanddryersareoutoforderand______.A.needtoberepairingB.repairingisrequiredofthemC.requirethattheyberepaired.D.needtoberepaired.解析：and并列谓语动词，needtoberepaired相当于needrepairing.D2.—Iwishyouhadbroughtyourfamilywithyou.—I’llgetthem_______nexttime.A.comingB.tocomeC.comeD.havecomeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。3.Weclimbedtothetopofthetower________abetterviewofthearea.A.gettingB.gotC.havinggotD.togetD解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。4.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof_________enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.togetD解析：名词theway后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smiththoughtof，一个是动词不定式togetenoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.5.Theyoungassistantwasnoticed______thebankalonelastnight.A.enteringB.enterC.toenterD.enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。6.WangDongwantedtosurftheInternet,buthisfathertoldhim__________.A.nottodoB.notdoitC.donottoD.nottoD解析：tellsb.(not)todosth.为了避免重复，后面省略了surftheInternet.7.Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot_________you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾