英语影视欣赏课课件2

•1.whenwasfilmborn?•Dec.28th,1895,Lumiere•2.Whatwastheearliestcontributiontothefilmsintheory?•Mo-tse,5BC,thetheoryof“LightandShadow”•WhatwerethemajorcontributionsofLumiereandMelies?•Lumiere:•(1).Longshot•(2).Filmsshowedthedynamicoflife,natureandchangeswithinthem—re-currencism.•(3).Forerunnerofdocumentaries•Melies•(1)stopmotion•(2)studiowithglassceiling•(3)shotfilmswithgorgeouscostumeandgrandscenes–expressionism•(4)forerunnerofstoryfilm•4.somemorefacts•(1)thefirstsci-fifilm:ATriptotheMoon•(2)whatisclose-upandmontage?•(3)Brightonschool–thebudofrealism•(4)ArtistsFilmsMovement•Maxlinder—thefirstcomedystar•楚科尔HollywoodChapter2DevelopmentofNarrativePatternsinFilms(America)•I.EdwinS.Porterandhisfilm“TheGreatTrainRobbery”•II.GriffithandhisConceptofNarrativePatterns•III.ComedyinSilentFilmsinAmerica•IV.CharlesChaplinandhisComediesI.EdwinS.Porter埃德温鲍特andhisfilm“TheGreatTrainRobbery”•Born:April21,1870)Pennsylvania•Died:April30,1941NewYorkCity•HeCombinedtheoutdoorscenes(proposedandpracticedbyLumiere)withartificialindoorones(byMelies)•Representativework:TheGreatTrainRobbery:《火车大劫案》•PortertookthearchetypalAmericanWesternstory,alreadyfamiliartoaudiencesfromdimenovelsandstagemelodrama情景剧,andmadeitanentirelynewvisualexperience.Theone-reelfilm,witharunningtimeoftwelveminutes,wasassembledintwentyseparateshots,alongwithastartlingclose-upofabanditfiringatthecamera.Itusedasmanyastendifferentindoorandoutdoorlocationsandwasgroundbreakinginitsuseof“cross-cutting交叉剪辑”ineditingtoshowsimultaneousactionindifferentplaces.Noearlierfilmhadcreatedsuchswiftmovementorvarietyofscene.Itwasenormouslypopular.ForseveralyearsittouredthroughouttheUnitedStates,andin1905itwasthepremierattractionatthefirstnickelodeon五分钱电影院.ItssuccessfirmlyestablishedmotionpicturesascommercialentertainmentintheUnitedStates.•Cross-cuttingisaneditingtechniqueusedinfilmstoestablishcontinuity.Inacross-cut,thecamerawillcutawayfromoneactiontoanotheraction.Becausetheshotsoccuroneafteranother,cross-cuttingisusedtosuggestsimultaneityofaction.•However,itcanalsobeusedtolinksignificantactionsthatdonotoccursimultaneously.Therhythmof,orlengthoftimebetween,cross-cutscanalsosetthetoneofascene.Increasingtherapiditybetweentwodifferentactionsmayaddtensiontoascene,muchinthesamemannerofusingshort,declarativesentencesinaworkofliterature.•ItwasmadefamousbyEdwinS.Porter's1903film,TheGreatTrainRobbery.•TheNickelodeon(AE:nickel=5分币,Greek:Odeion=roofedovertheatre)wasanearly20thcenturyformofsmall,neighborhoodmovietheaters.•ThenameNickelodeonwascoinedbyHarryDavisandJohnP.Harris,whoopenedtheirsmall,storefronttheatrewiththatnameonSmithfieldStreetinPittsburgh,PennsylvaniainJune1905.Thoughtheirswasnotthefirsttheatreintheworldtospecializeinpresentingmovies,DavisandHarrisfoundsuchgreatsuccesswiththeiroperationthattheirconceptofafivecenttheatrerunningmoviescontinuouslywassoonimitatedbyhundredsofambitiousentrepreneurs,aswasthenameofthetheatreitself.•Nickelodeonsdeclinedascitiesgrewandindustryconsolidationledtolarger,morecomfortable,andbetter-appointed设备更加完善的（well-appointed）movietheaters.•(1)establishhisstatusinfilmsbothinAmericaandthewholeworld;•(2)layfoundationforthewesternstobethedominantinAmerica•(3)havegreatinfluenceonGriffith•ThefilmwasadoptedfromanovelwiththesametitlewrittenbyMichaelCrichton迈克尔·克莱顿whosebest-knownmasterpiecesshouldbeJurassicPark《侏罗纪公园》.(StevenSpielberg)TheGreatTrainRobberyII.D.W.Griffith格里菲斯andhisConceptofNarrativePatterns•1.Backgroundandsignificance–twofights•1.1Fightsaboutpatents•(1)1908,America,therewasthefiercestrivingforthepatent,whichendedupwiththeestablishmentoftwotrusts:Edison’sCompanyandBiographStudios(比沃格拉夫公司)•Whatistrust托拉斯?anentitywithintenttocreateamonopoly•TheBiographCompany,wasamotionpicturecompanyfoundedin1895andactiveuntil1928.ItwasthefirstcompanyintheUnitedStatesdevotedentirelytofilmproductionandexhibition,andfortwodecadeswasoneofthemostprolific,releasingoverthreethousandshortfilmsandtwelvefeaturefilms.正片，故事片，长片•AnewcorporationwiththesamenamewasincorporatedinCaliforniain1991.•1.2Fightsbetweentrustsandindependentfilm-making独立制片--thebirthofHollywood•Anindependentfilm,orindiefilm,isafilmthatisproducedoutsideoftheHollywoodstudiosystem,aseriesofmonopolistic垄断的practicesbyseveralmajorAmericanfilmstudioswhichcontrolledtheproduction,distribution,andexhibitionoffilms.•IndependentfilmstodayaregenerallydefinedasAmericanfilmsfinancedanddistributedbysourcesoutsidetoday'sBigSixanditssubsidiaries.•Today’sBigSix•Sony—SonyPicture(ColumbiaPictures)•NewsCorporation–FoxFilmedEntertainment(20CenturyFox)•TheWaltDisneyCompany–WaltDisneyMotionPictureGroup•TimeWarner—WarnerBrosEntertainmentGroup•Viacom–ParamountMotionPictureGroup•GeneralElectric/Vivendi–NBC/VivendiUniversal(Universal)Griffith•DavidLlewelynWarkGriffithBorn:January22,1875)Kentucky,UnitedStates•Died:July23,1948Hollywood,California,UnitedStates•In1907,Griffith,stillhavinggoalsforbecomingasuccessfulplaywright,movedtoCaliforniaandattemptedtosellascripttoEdisonproducerEdwinPorter.PorterrejectedGriffith'sscript,butallowedhimtobeanext