An-Introduction-to-Language,10e-answer-key

VictoriaFromkinLate,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesrobertrodmanNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,RaleighninahyamsUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesPreparedbyBrookDanielleLillehaugenHaverfordCollegeAnswerKeyAnIntroductiontoLanguage10eAustralia•Brazil•Japan•Korea•Mexico•Singapore•Spain•UnitedKingdom•UnitedStates©2014,2011,2007Wadsworth,CengageLearningALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereinmaybereproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformorbyanymeansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnotlimitedtophotocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,taping,Webdistribution,informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrievalsystems,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.ISBN-13:978-1-285-07978-3ISBN-10:1-285-07978-7Wadsworth20ChannelCenterStreetBoston,MA02210USACengageLearningisaleadingproviderofcustomizedlearningsolutionswithofficelocationsaroundtheglobe,includingSingapore,theUnitedKingdom,Australia,Mexico,BrazilandJapan.Locateyourlocalofficeatinternational.cengage.com/regionCengageLearningproductsarerepresentedinCanadabyNelsonEducation,Ltd.Foryourcourseandlearningsolutions,visit:AnIntroductiontoLanguage,TenthEditionVictoriaFromkin,RobertRodman,NinaHyamsPublisher:MichaelRosenbergDevelopmentEditor:JoanM.FlahertyAssistantEditor:ErinBoscoEditorialAssistant:RebeccaDonahueMediaEditor:JanineTangneyMarketDevelopmentManager:JasonLaChapelleContentProjectManager:DanSaabyeArtDirector:MarissaFalcoManufacturingPlanner:BetsyDonagheyRightsAcquisitionSpecialist:JessicaEliasProductionService:PreMediaGlobalTextDesigner:DesignandProductionServicesCoverDesigner:SarahBishinsDesignCoverImage:©2009CalderFoundation,NewYork/ArtistsRightsSociety(ARS),NewYork.Calder,Alexander(1898-1976)©ARS,NY.Crinkly,1970.Sheetmetal,wire,andpaint.71.1x166.4x30.5cm.Location:CalderFoundation,NewYork,NY,U.S.A.PhotoCredit:CalderFoundation,NewYork/ArtResource,NYCompositor:PreMediaGlobalPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica123456716151413Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusatCengageLearningCustomer&SalesSupport,1-800-354-9706Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct,[e-mail]1WhatisLanguage?1CHapteR2Morphology:TheWordsofLanguage10CHapteR3Syntax:TheSentencePatternsofLanguage20CHapteR4TheMeaningofLanguage45CHapteR5Phonetics:TheSoundsofLanguage62CHapteR6Phonology:TheSoundPatternsofLanguage70CHapteR7LanguageinSociety81CHapteR8LanguageChange:TheSyllablesofTime92CHapteR9LanguageAcquisition104CHapteR10LanguageProcessingandtheHumanBrain110CHapteR11ComputerProcessingofHumanLanguage124CHapteR12Writing:TheABCsofLanguage1301Chapter1 1. Sound sequences. AnywordthatconformstothesoundpatternofEnglishisacorrectanswer.Forexample:Bliting: bl asinblood, iting asinlightingKrame: kr asincream, ame asinaimSwirler: sw asinswim, irl asingirl, er asinriderKristclean: kr asincream, i asinpit, st asinstreet, clean asincleanAtla: asinatlasOxfo: ox asinox, fo asinfoeExistingEnglishwordsasnamesofnewproductsarealsoacceptable:forexample,Kleen orCleanasthenameofalaundrysoap. 2. Grammaticality judgments. Thefollowingsentencesareungrammatical,butnotethatsomejudgmentsmayvaryacrossdialects:a. *Robin forced the sheriff go.Thewordtoismissinginfrontoftheverbgo.Theverbforcerequiresatoinfinitiveintheembeddedclause.f.*He drove my house by.Particlesarepreposition-likewordsthatoccurwithverbssuchaslook,asinlook up the numberorlook over the data.Particlescanoccuraftertheirdirectobject:look the number up; look the data over.Trueprepositionsdonotbehavethisway.He ran up the stairsisgrammati-cal,but *He ran the stairs upisnot.ThebyinHe drove by my housefunctionsasaprepositionandmaynotoccurafterthedirectobject.g.*Did in a corner little Jack Horner sit?Youcannotturnastatementthatbeginswithaprepositionalphraseintoaquestion.Whileyoucanformaquestionfrom Little Jack Horner sat in a cornerwithDid little Jack Horner sit in a corner,youcannotquestionthesentenceIn a corner little Jack Horner sat.h.*Elizabeth is resembled by Charles.Theverbresembledoesnotoccurinpassivesentences.k.*It is eager to love a kitten.Ifthepronounitreferstoananimate(nonhuman)thing(e.g.,adog),thesentenceisgrammatical.Iftheworditisa“dummysubject,”as2inIt’s easy to love a kitten,thesentenceisungrammaticalbecausetheadjectiveeagermusthaveareferentialsubject.l.*That birds can fly flabbergasts.Flabbergast isatransitiveverb:itrequiresadirectobject.CompareThat birds can fly flabbergasts John.n.*Has the nurse slept the baby yet?Theverbsleepisintransitive:itcannottakeadirectobject(inthiscase,the baby).o.*I was surprised for you to get married.Theclausefollowingtheadjectivesurprisedcannotbeintheinfini-tiveform,e