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当前位置:首页 > 医学/心理学 > 基础医学 > 细胞计数板的使用方法
血球计数板-基本构造血球计数板是一块特制的厚型载玻片,载玻片上有四个槽构成三个平台。中间的平台较宽,其中间又被一短横槽分隔成两半,每个半边上面各刻有一小方格网,每个方格网共分九个大格,中央的一大格作为计数用,称为计数区。计数区的刻度有两种:一种是计数区分为16个大方格(大方格用三线隔开),而每个大方格又分成25个小方格;另一种是一个计数区分成25个大方格(大方格之间用双线分开),而每个大方格又分成16个小方格。但是不管计数区是哪一种构造,它们都有一个共同特点,即计数区都由400个小方格组成。计数区边长为1mm,则计数区的面积为1mm2,每个小方格的面积为1/400mm2。盖上盖玻片后,计数区的高度为0.1mm,所以每个计数区的体积为0.1mm3,每个小方格的体积为1/4000mm3。使用细胞计数板计数时,先要测定每个小方格中微生物的数量,再换算成每毫升菌液(或每克样品)中微生物细胞的数量。细胞计数板-使用方法1.视待测菌悬液浓度,加无菌水适当稀释(斜面一般稀释100倍?),以每小格的菌数可数为度。2.取洁净的细胞计数板一块,在计数区上盖上一块盖玻片。3.将菌悬液摇匀,用滴管吸取少许,从计数板中间平台两侧的沟槽内沿盖玻片的下边缘滴入一小滴(不宜过多),让菌悬液利用液体的表面张力充满计数区,勿使气泡产生,并用吸水纸吸去沟槽中流出的多余菌悬液。也可以将菌悬液直接滴加在计数区上(不要使计数区两边平台沾上菌悬液,以免加盖盖玻片后,造成计数区深度的升高),然后加盖盖玻片(勿使产生气泡)。4.静置片刻,使细胞沉降到计数板上,不再随液体漂移。将细胞计数板放置于显微镜的载物台上夹稳,先在低倍镜下找到计数区后,再转换高倍镜观察并计数。由于生活细胞的折光率和水的折光率相近,观察时应减弱光照的强度。5.计数时若计数区是由16个大方格组成,按对角线方位,数左上、左下、右上、右下的4个大方格(即100小格)的菌数。如果是25个大方格组成的计数区,除数上述四个大方格外,还需数中央1个大方格的菌数(即80个小格)。为了保证计数的准确性,避免重复计数和漏记,在计数时,对沉降在格线上的细胞的统计应有统一的规定。如菌体位于大方格的双线上,计数时则数上线不数下线,数左线不数右线,以减少误差。即位于本格上线和左线上的细胞计入本格,本格的下线和右线上的细胞按规定计入相应的格中。见下图:即本格中计数细胞为3个。(细胞压线,仅计数相邻的两条线上的细胞)6.对于出芽的酵母菌,芽体达到母细胞大小一半时,即可作为两个菌体计算。每个样品重复计数2-3次(每次数值不应相差过大,否则应重新操作),按公式计算出每mL(g)菌悬液所含细胞数量。7.测数完毕,取下盖玻片,用水将细胞计数板冲洗干净,切勿用硬物洗刷或抹擦,以免损坏网格刻度。洗净后自行晾干或用吹风机吹干,放入盒内保存。细胞计数板-计数公式1、16格×25格的细胞计数板计算公式:细胞数/ml=100小格内细胞个数/100×400×10000×稀释倍数1、25格×16格的细胞计数板计算公式:细胞数/ml=80小格内细胞个数/80×400×10000×稀释倍数Topreparethecountingchamberthemirror-likepolishedsurfaceiscarefullycleanedwithlenspaper.Thecoverslipisalsocleaned.Coverslipsforcountingchambersarespeciallymadeandarethickerthanthoseforconventionalmicroscopy,sincetheymustbeheavyenoughtoovercomethesurfacetensionofadropofliquid.Thecoverslipisplacedoverthecountingsurfacepriortoputtingonthecellsuspension.ThesuspensionisintroducedintooneoftheV-shapedwellswithapasteurorothertypeofpipet.Theareaunderthecoverslipfillsbycapillaryaction.Enoughliquidshouldbeintroducedsothatthemirroredsurfaceisjustcovered.Thechargedcountingchamberisthenplacedonthemicroscopestageandthecountinggridisbroughtintofocusatlowpower.Itisessentialtobeextremelycarefulwithhigherpowerobjectives,sincethecountingchamberismuchthickerthanaconventionalslide.Thechamberoranobjectivelensmaybedamagediftheuserisnotnotcareful.OneentiregridonstandardhemacytometerswithNeubauerrulingscanbeseenat40x(4xobjective).Themaindivisionsseparatethegridinto9largesquares(likeatic-tac-toegrid).Eachsquarehasasurfaceareaofonesquaremm,andthedepthofthechamberis0.1mm.Thustheentirecountinggridliesunderavolumeof0.9mm-cubedSuspensionsshouldbediluteenoughsothatthecellsorotherparticlesdonotoverlapeachotheronthegrid,andshouldbeuniformlydistributed.Toperformthecount,determinethemagnificationneededtorecognizethedesiredcelltype.Nowsystematicallycountthecellsinselectedsquaressothatthetotalcountis100cellsorso(numberofcellsneededforastatisticallysignificantcount).Forlargecellsthismaymeancountingthefourlargecornersquaresandthemiddleone.Foradensesuspensionofsmallcellsyoumaywishtocountthecellsinthefour1/25sq.mmcornersplusthemiddlesquareinthecentralsquare.Alwaysdecideonaspecificcountingpattertoavoidbias.Forcellsthatoverlaparuling,countacellasinifitoverlapsthetoporrightruling,andoutifitoverlapsthebottomorleftruling.HereisawaytodetermineaparticlecountusingaNeubauerhemocytometer.Supposethatyouconductacountasdescribedabove,andcount187particlesinthefivesmallsquaresdescribed.Eachsquarehasanareaof1/25mm-squared(thatis,0.04mm-squared)anddepthof0.1mm.Thetotalvolumeineachsquareis(0.04)x(0.1)=0.004mm-cubed.Youhavefivesquareswithcombinedvolumeof5x(0.004)=0.02mm-cubed.Thusyoucounted187particlesinavolumeof0.02mm-cubed,givingyou187/(0.02)=9350particlespermm-cubed.Thereare1000cubicmillimetersinonecubiccentimeter(sameasamilliliter),soyourparticlecountis9,350,000perml.Cellsareoftenlargeenoughtorequirecountingoveralargersurfacearea.Forexample,youmightcountthetotalnumberofcellsinthefourlargecornersquaresplusthemiddlecombined.Eachsquarehassurfaceareaof1mm-squaredandadepthof0.1mm,givingitavolumeof0.1mm-cubed.Supposethatyoucounted125cells(total)inthefivesquares.Youthenhave125cellsper0.5mm-cubed,whichis250cells/mm-cubed.Again,multiplyby1000todeterminecellcountperml(250,000).Sometimesyouwillneedtodiluteacellsuspensiontogetthecelldensitylowenoughforcounting.Inthatcaseyouwillneedtomultiplyyourfinalcountbythedilutionfactor.Forexample,supposethatforcountingyouhadtodiluteasuspensionofChlamydomonas10fold.Supposeyouobtainedafinalcountof250,000cells/mlasdescribedabove.Thenthecountintheoriginal(undiluted)suspensionis10x250,000whichis2,500,000cells/ml.我自己的一个细胞计数板的protocol,也很经典
本文标题:细胞计数板的使用方法
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