西藏旅游业发展的定位与战略研究

西藏大学硕士学位论文西藏旅游业发展的定位与战略研究姓名：任明月申请学位级别：硕士专业：行政管理指导教师：齐天翔20100501I20II-IIIAbstractTourismisnowthefirstindustryovertheworld,andChinaisbecomingoneofthefastesttourismdevelopingcountiesintheworld.TourismorganizationshaveestimatedthatChinawillbethefirsttourismdestinationcountrywithinthecoming20yearsglobally.However,thewesternpartofChinaisofvastareaandwithuniquerichtourismresources,andwillbethemainstayingpowerofdevelopingtourisminthenewcentury.Intherecentyears,tourismhasbeendevelopingatafastspeedinthewesternregion;theaveragespeedoftourismdevelopmentofthewesternregionhassurpassedthatofthenationallevel.However,atthemeantimeofaspeedytourismdevelopment,therearestillsomeproblemsexistedsuchasuncheckedexplorationoftourismresourceswithoutconsiderationoflocaleconomicconditions,withawrongunderstandingof“omnipotenttourismoruniversaltourism”,someprovinceshavetriedtopromotetheotherindustriestodevelopbuymeansofthesingle-tourismdevelopment,insomeplaces,everycountyappliesfortourismprojectsandexploitstourismresourceswhichleadtoaseriousconsequencesofdestroyingandwasteoftourismresources,ithasalsowastedagreatamountofmoney,humanresourcesandmaterialresources.TibetislocatedinsouthwestpartoftheTibet-QinghaiPlateau,theuniquenessandrichnessoftourismresourcesofTibetisincomparableallIVovertheworld;itsnovelty,mysteriousness,roughnessandprimitivenesshavealwaysbeenattractingmoreandmoretouristsformhomeandabroad.Evenso,comparewithotherregions,tourismdevelopmentinTibetisstillfacingmanyproblemsandshortcomings.UndertherealitythatthegeneraleconomiclevelofTibetisstilllaggedbehind,theonlywaytorealizetheover-lappeddevelopmentofTibeteconomyistoupholdthedevelopmentofthepillarindustryandindustrieswithlocalcharacteristics,inparticular,thecostadvantageofTibettourismeconomyneedstobefullybroughtintoplayandusedinordertoobtaincomparativebenefits.InTibet,theregionaleconomicconditionsarecomparativelypoor,althoughthetourismresourcesarehigh-gradedwithgreatrichness,thescaleanddegreeoftourismdevelopmentisrestrictedbytheundevelopedregionaleconomy.Especially,theuniqueecologicalenvironmentofTibetdemandsevenmorerequirementsforthetourismdevelopment.IndevelopingtourisminTibet,theregionaleconomyandregionalconditionsshouldbeputinthefirstplace,thegradevalueoftourismresourcesshouldbethesecondaryinconsideration.Inthethesis,itholdsthattheenvironmentalprotectionhasbecomeacommonissueofourhumanbeingalongwiththeimplementationofthesustainabledevelopmentstrategyovertheworld.Asisknowntoall,becauseofitsuniquegeographicallocation,environmentalprotectionisespeciallyVimportantinTibet.TibetistheadjustmentregionofclimatechangesoftheNorthernHemisphere,thechangesofclimateherewillinfluencetheclimatechangesofourcountryandeventheNorthernHemisphere.TibetisalsoahugenaturalsolidreservoirandthesourceofmanyAsianrivers.Meantime,Tibethastherichestbiologicalspecies,includingmanykindsofwildanimalsandplantsfromtheFrigidZonetotheTorridZone.ThestateofenvironmentinTibetwillhavenotonlyabearingtoitsowndevelopment,butalsotothesustainabledevelopmentofthewholecountryandevenotherregionsoftheworld.Tourismdevelopmentwillinevitablyleadtothecontradictionofresourceexploitationandprotection.Intheprocessofresolvingthisproblem,weshouldgivefirstprioritytotheenvironmentalbenefitwiththeeconomicalbenefitinthesecondaryplace,underthecircumstanceofeconomicaldevelopment,weshouldstrengthentheenvironmentalprotectiontorealizeasustainabledevelopmentoftourisminTibet.ThisthesistriestoanalyzethecurrentsituationofTibettourism,especiallythepromotiveroleoftourismdevelopmenttotheeconomyandthesociety;thisthesiscombinesthecostandbenefitanalysisinordertoexplaintheoreticallyandanalyzepracticallytheconceptofTibeteco-tourism,onthatbasis,someadvicesandideasareputforwardforthefuturedevelopmentofTibeteco-tourism.KeywordsTibettourism,development,positioning,Strategy2010526201052611.1200625127.7GDP9.5%200740248GDP14.1%2009561.0655.99GDP12.7%1.2Alistermathieson1982Brentw1998199619921997319961999199661999Fennel&Eagles1989GunnC.A.1994RichardDawson2004Patrickt&Tierney2001Nikolaos&Dritsakis20042002200920093.1420082007220041.31.3.11231.3.21.431.51.5.11.5.24201020201000200830002.12.1.140004541.2634.38%9202521731213111002.1.22-11WTTC·1422420072-120092-120022003200420052006200720088673209286391223098180062325121034029426224644798777103723153195193524277072482137225865GDP6.1%5.6%7.0%7.7%9.5%14.1%5.7%20092.3.22007GDP342.1916.0%28.8%55.2%20083.14395.91915.3%29.2%55.5%2.3.320041.688.420030.130.920040.652.8414.22-220051.971.5679.3%0.084.5%0.3316.2%20062.251.7075.4%0.206.8%0.3517.8%20072.842.0068.7%0.3010.1%0.5421.2%2.3.42006812.42009102005113.1200674119992199933.23.2.111275%200020032320067133.2.2180-90%22004143.2.33.33.3.180ecotourism1965Hetzerecologicaltourism1976Eco-tourEcotourismIU-CNCeballosLascurain19831986EcotourismElizabethBoo19901402007250BrauseD.1992responsibletourismCEAC1992EcotourismSoc