翻译-Negation

生如夏花黄静13英语（1）9.5TranslationofVariousKindsofNegations9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）9.5.4IncompleteNegation（不完全否定）9.5.5PleonasticNegation（多余否定）9.5.2FullNegation（全部否定）9.5.6WordsandPhrasesImplyingNegation文本文本文本文本FullAffirmativePartialAffirmativeFullNegativeallbotheveryoneeverybodyeverythingeverywherealwaysaltogetherentirely(wholly)someoneortheothersomeonesomebodysomethingsomewheresometimessomewhatinsomedegreenone(no)neither(nor)noonenobodynothingnowherenevernowisenotatall9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）(1)Partialaffirmative+notkeepsthemeaningpartiallyaffirmative:Somestudentsarenothere.≈Somestudentsarehere.(2)Not+fullnegativemakesthemeaningpartiallyaffirmative:Notmanypeoplehavenowheretolive.=Mostpeoplehavesomewheretolive.不是很多人没有地方住。(3)“Notfornothing”makesthemeaningpartiallynegativeorpartiallyaffirmative:Shewouldnothavedonesofornothing.没有一些意图，她是不会这样做的。9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）(4)Fullaffirmative+not/not+fullaffirmativemakesthemeaningpartiallyaffirmativeorparitallynegative:eg.all...not...=notall=someeverybody...not...=noteverybody=somebodyalways...not...=notalways=sometimesAllthatglistersisnotgold.(Shakespeare)闪光的东西未必都是黄金。Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.有学问的人并非都是有智慧的人。9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）not...and...not...and...的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。eg.Hedidnotspeakclearlyandcorrectly.他讲得清楚，但不正确。cf.Hedidnotspeakclearlyorcorrectly.他讲的既不清楚，也不正确。—如果将and换成or，not对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。Drill1.Notallimperativeshavenosubjects.不是所有的祈使句都没有主语。—(2)Not+fullnegativemakesthemeaningpartiallyaffirmative.2.Alltheseinvestigationsarenotdonefornothing.这些调查并非都是白做的。—(3)“Notfornothing”makesthemeaningpartiallynegativeorpartiallyaffirmative.9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）3.Allcriminalsarenotmurderers.—BernardShaw罪犯并非都是杀人犯。—(4)Fullaffirmative+not/not+fullaffirmativemakesthemeaningpartiallyaffirmativeorparitallynegative4.Thisfilmisnotinterestingandinstructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。—not...and...的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。9.5.1PartialNegation（部分否定）9.5.2FullNegation（全部否定）Afull/absolutenegationisusuallyformedinthreeways：(1)Fullnegative+affirmativepredicates.eg.Nobodysucceeds.没有人成功。(2)Fullaffirmative+wordswithnegativeprefixesorsuffixes,orwordsimplyingnegation.eg.Allhiswordsareincredible.他说的话都靠不住。(3)not...any...(negativepredicates+indefinitepron.oradv.)eg.Hecannotrememberanything.他什么事都不记得了。Drill1.Nobodyhereishonest.这里每一个人都不诚实。—(1)Fullnegative+affirmativepredicates.2.Everybodyhereisdishonest.这里没一个人是诚实的。—(2)Fullaffirmative+wordswithnegativeprefixesorsuffixes,orwordsimplyingnegation.3.Idonotknowanyofthem.他们这群人中，我一个也不认识。—(3)not...any...(negativepredicates+indefinitepron.oradv.)9.5.2FullNegation（全部否定）9.5.2FullNegation（全部否定）No/Not“No”ismuchstrongerandthereforemoreemphanticthan“not”.eg.He'snotafool.他不是傻瓜。He'snofool.他很精明。Heisnotbetterthanyou.他不比你好。Heisnobetterthanyou.他同你一样坏。NoneShedidnoneofthemaintenanceonthevehicleitself.她对车子本身没有进行半点保养。NeverNeverjudgebyappearances.切勿以貌取人。Neither/NorIhaveneverbeenabroad,neither/norIhaveeverwishedtogo.我从未去过国外，我也未曾想去。9.5.2FullNegation（全部否定）9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）1.Doublenegationwithweakeningeffect(euphemism)Heisnotincapable.(=Heistosomeextentcapable.)他并非无能。Wewerenotunpreparedforthewar.我们对战争并非没有准备。2.Doublenegationwithstrengtheningeffect(emphasis)Thereisnorighttospeakwithoutinvestigation.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.Noinvestigation,nosay.没有调查就没有发言权。9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）cannot...unless...；no...unless...eg.Nobodywillhelpyouunlessyouhelpyourself.若不自助，无人助你。not...until/till...eg.Wewillneverknowthevalueofwatertillthewellisdry.井枯方知水之可贵。anegative+buteg.Thereisnochildbutknowshim.没有一个小孩不认识他。Wecannotbutreadbookstoincreaseourknowledge.我们不得不读书，以增长知识。9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）anegative+awordimplyingnegation(fall,short,deny,otherthan,etc.)eg.Ishallnotfailtodoso.我不会不这样做。/我必照办。Justicemustnotbedeniedtoanyone.无论对谁都要公道。anegative+tooorawordimplyingover,muchetc.eg.Youcannotbetoo/overcareful.你越小心越好。Wecanhardlyexaggeratethispoint.Wecanneveremphasizethispointenough.Thispointcannotbeover-emphasized.这一点我们怎么强调也不过分。9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）Litotes:usinganegativetoemphasizethecontrary曲言法：用否定对立的词强调肯定eg.Tomynosmallastonishment,Ifoundthehouseonfire.我发现房子着了火，大为惊讶。Itisnoeasymattertodoitwell.做好此事，绝非容易。Itservesnolittlepurposetocontinuepublicdiscussionofthisissue.继续公开讨论这一问题是大有用处的。Drill1.Iamnotignorantofthis.我并非不知此事。—anegative+awordimplyingnegation2.Nothingventure,nothinggained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。3.Itisamatterofnosmallconsequence.这事事关重大。9.5.3DoubleNegation（双重否定）9.5.4IncompleteNegation（不完全否定）Incompletenegationisalsocalledsemi-negation(半否定)orquasi-negation(准否定),whichimpliesnearfullnegation.eg.almostno,almostnot,almostnever,few,little,hardly,scarely,barely,seldometc.Ineedhardlysaythathedidwell.他干得不错，这几乎不用我说。Therearefew,ifany,suchmen.这种人即使有，也很少。9.5.4IncompleteNegation（不完全否定）Drill1.Ihavefewornoopportunitiestogothere.我几乎没有机会到那里去。2.Heisseldom,ifever,sick.他几乎从不生病。9.5.5PleonasticNegation（多余否定）Pleonasticnegationisinfactsuperfluous,neccessaryneitherinsense,norinconstrunction.eg.Whatdirtymeanswouldhenotresortto.什么卑鄙手段他都使得出来！什么卑鄙手段他使不出来？Iranaway.Idon'tknowhowfarIdidn'trun.我跑了，也不知跑了多远。见到她，我不觉又惊