高考一轮-被动语态

被动语态复习MadorNotAeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanes____________(hear)nightandday.Theairport________(built)duringthewar,butforsomereasonit________________(use)then.Lastyear,however,itcameintouse.Overahundredpeople___________________(drive)awayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft.SometimesIthinkthishouse_______________(knock)downbyapassingplane.I__________________(offer)alargesumofmoneytogoaway,butIam____________(determine)tostayhere.EverybodysaysImustbemadandtheyareprobablyright.canbeheardwasbuiltcouldnotbeusedmusthavebeendrivenwillbeknockedhavebeenoffereddetermined1.Manyflowerswereplantedbymygrandfatheronthebalconylastyear.plant--planted--planted2.Theflowersplantedbymygrandfatherareverybeautifulnow.3.Manyflowersplantedbymygrandfatheronthebalconylastyear.4.mygrandfatherplantedmanyflowersonthebalconylastyear.一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。你能写出以下时态be的形式吗？一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去进行时：过去将来时：将来完成时：am/is/arewas/wereshall/willbeam/is/arebeinghave/hasbeenhadbeenwas/werebeingshould/wouldbeshall/willhavebeen被动语态由be+过去分词构成,时态主要体现在be的变化上。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去进行时：过去将来时：将来完成时：am/is/aregivenwas/weregivenshall/willbegivenam/is/arebeinggivenhave/hasbeengivenhadbeengivenwas/werebeinggivenshould/wouldbegivenshall/willhavebeengiven1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives__________forcuttingthings.areused(变被动语态）2.Iinformedhertoattendthemeetingontime.She_____________toattendthemeetingontime.wasinformed3.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He__________________onlytwomealsaday.wasmadetohave这种主动句中用省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。变被动要补回省略掉的to谓语动词是一些感官动词和使役动词，如：feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。sb.beseen/watchedtodosb.beheardtodo…Someonesawhimstealmybike.Hewasseentostealmybike.4.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers__________tohelpthem.canbeusedcanbedonemust/maybedoneshouldbedoneshouldhavebeendone5.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps____________________.weweregivenweregiventous间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。6.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom____________toturnonthecomputer.7.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework____________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone8.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_____________intwodays.9.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken10.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about________?Istalkedbythem11.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）______Tom______thewindow?Didbreak12.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He___________thetractoroutoftheroad.didn’tdrive13.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_______________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone14.Weallknowthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.It____________toallthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.Theearth_________totravelaroundthesun.isknownisknown（2）Peoplebelievethathehasbeenabroad.Itissaidthathehasbeenabroad.Heissaidtohavebeenabroad.注：当主句的谓语动词是say,believe,expect,think,know,consider,report等时，被动语态有两种形式。19.ItissaidthattheKoreanWavehitourcountry.TheKoreanWaveissaid_______________ourcountry.tohavehitAttention二、何时使用被动语态呢？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。3、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。5、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。HewasborninOctober，1989．6、表示礼貌时。YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m．tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。三、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，suit,last，own，hold，lack,become。等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【误】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.4.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter一、有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它和well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用时，是不及物动词，用主动表被动，这时不用被动语态，时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时。如：sell,wash,write,drive,burn,cook,carry…Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这种新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。主动语态表达被动的意义对比Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.Themeatwascookedforalongtimeinalowheat.二、感官动词，主动表被动如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain,prove等，后接形容词时。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.Thematerialisfeltverysoft.beingdonehavingbeendonetobedone非谓语动词的被动式:doing----havingdone----todo-----在非谓语动词中，过去分词往往表示被动的意义，但其它非谓语动词也可以用它的被动式表示被动。三、1.want,need,require和beworth等词的后面可用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。eg.Thecarrequiresmending.Thecarrequirestobemended.Myhairwantsc